TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "COPYING IN NATURAL LANGUAGES, CONTEXT-FREENESS, AND QUEUE GRAMMARS"

The documentation of (unbounded-len~h) copying and cross-serial constructions in a few languages in the recent literature is usually taken to mean that natural languages are slightly context-sensitive. However, this ignores those copying constructions which, while productive, cannot be easily shown to apply to infinite sublanguages. To allow such finite copying constructions to be taken into account in formal modeling, it is necessary to recognize that natural languages cannot be realistically represented by formal languages of the usual sort. Rather, they must be modeled as families of formal languages or as formal languages with indefinite vocabularies. Once this is done,. | COPYING IN NATURAL LANGUAGES CONTEXT-FREENESS AND QUEUE GRAMMARS Alexis Manaster-Ramer University of Michigan 2236 Fuller Road 108 Ann Arbor MI 48105 ABSTRACT The documentation of unbounded-length copying and cross-serial constructions in a few languages in the recent literature is usually taken to mean that natural languages are slightly context-sensitive. However this ignores those copying constructions which while productive cannot be easily shown to apply to infinite sublanguages. To allow such finite copying constructions to be taken into account in formal modeling it is necessary to recognize that natural languages cannot be realistically represented by formal languages of the usual sort. Rather they must be modeled as families of formal languages or as formal languages with indefinite vocabularies. Once this is done we see copying as a truly pervasive and fundamental process in human language. Furthermore the absence of mirror-image constructions in human languages means that it is not enough to extend Context-free Grammars in the direction of context-sensitivity. Instead a class of grammars must be found which handles context-sensitive copying but not context-free mirror images. This suggests that human linguistic processes use queues rather than stacks making imperative the development of a hierarchy of Queue Grammars as a counterweight to the Chomsky Grammars. A simple class of Context-free Queue Grammars is introduced and discussed. Introduction The claim that at least some human languages cannot be described by a Context-free Grammar no matter how large or complex has had an interesting career. In the late 1960 s it might have seemed given the arguments of Bar-Hillel and Shamir 1960 about respectively coordinations in English Postal 1964 about reduplication-cum-incorporation of object noun stems in Mohawk and Chomsky 1963 about English comparative deletion that this claim was firmly established. Potentially serious and at any rate embarrassing-problems

• Báo cáo khoa học
• COPYING IN NATURAL LANGUAGES
• CONTEXT FREENESS
• QUEUE GRAMMARS
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERACTION WITH MACHINES
• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
• Descriptions
• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln