TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo " WINDPOWER: A Turn of the Century Review "

The 1990s saw a resurgence in the windpower industry, with installed grid-connected capacity expanding more than five-fold between 1990 and 2000. Most of this increase occurred in Europe, where governmental policies aimed at developing domestic energy supplies and reducing pollutant emissions provided a sheltered market for renewable energy generation. The 1990s were also marked by a return to large, megawatt-sized wind turbines, a reduction and consolidation of wind turbine manufacturers, and increased interest in offshore windpower | Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2000. 25 147-97 Copyright 2000 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Windpower a Turn of the Century Review Jon G. McGowan and 2Stephen R. Connors 1 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 e-mail jgmcgowa@ jgmcgowa@ 2The Energy Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02137-4307 e-mail connorsr@ Key Words wind energy renewable energy offshore electricity electricity competition Abstract The 1990s saw a resurgence in the windpower industry with installed grid-connected capacity expanding more than five-fold between 1990 and 2000. Most of this increase occurred in Europe where governmental policies aimed at developing domestic energy supplies and reducing pollutant emissions provided a sheltered market for renewable energy generation. The 1990s were also marked by a return to large megawatt-sized wind turbines a reduction and consolidation of wind turbine manufacturers and increased interest in offshore windpower. This article reviews recent trends in the windpower industry including some of the fundamental engineering principles of wind turbine design. Technological impediments and advances are discussed in the context of changes in the global electricity markets and environmental performance. CONTENTS RECENT WIND ENERGY APPLICATIONS AND WIND TURBINE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .155 Rotor Orientation .157 Rotational Rotor Characteristics .158 Aerodynamic Power Dynamic Load Management at the Tower Other Design Maintenance Issues .162 Standards and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN Land Avian Local 1056-3466 00 1129-0147 147 148 MCGOWAN CONNORS WIND RESOURCE RECENT ADVANCES IN WIND Rotor and Blades Aerodynamics

• Báo cáo khoa học
• wind energy
• renewable energy
• offshore
• electricity
• electricity competition
• windpower
• Part of promising renewable energy
• Potential of wind energy
• Source of wind power
• Wind speed distribution
• Wind speed character analysis
• Wind Energy Handbook
• electricity generation
• wind turbine technology
• wind farm design
• electrical power system
• wind resource
• Wind power
• Techno economic feasibility
• Large scale integration of wind energy
• Large scale integration
• Implementing wind power
• Economic analysis of PV wind hybrid system
• 25 locations in Taiwan
• PV wind hybrid system
• National Energy Renewable Laboratory
• Hybrid PV wind system
• Photovoltaic wind hybrid systemư
• QuikSCAT wind data
• East Vietnam Sea
• Wind energy resource evaluation
• Wind power generation evaluation
• Power resource of East Vietnam sea
• Wind speed
• Wind density
• Wind rose
• Power law index
• Weibull distribution
• Energy
• Electrical energy
• Chemical energy
• Nuclear energy
• Thermal energy
• Energy conversion
• Offshore wind
• Permanent magnet wind generator
• Levelized cost of energy
• Turbine's nominal power
• High distributions
• Wind potential
• CrossCalibrated Multi Platform
• Traditional energy resources
• fossil energy
• biomass energy
• renewable energy systems
• biofuels
• Serious energy
• renewable energy technologies
• solar
• wind
• Lecture Power system stability
• Bài giảng Ổn định hệ thống điện
• Power system stability
• Modeling Wind and Solar
• Wind turbine generators (WTGs)
• Wind energy economics
• Energy Generation
• Voltage Dips
• Conversion Systems
• Power System
• Wind Generation
• Energy research and social sience
• Media content analysis
• National interest areas
• Wind parks
• Savonius engine
• Wind turbine efficiency
• Electric motor
• Energy conversi
• Environmental Impact
• fossil fuels
• Energy world wide
• Power plant technology
• Fast breeder reactors
• Seothermal energy
• Solar energy wind energy
• Energy from the oceans
• Energy storage
• Net present value
• Internal rate of return
• Discount rate (r)
• Simple payback period
• Retscreen expert
• Isolated energy systems
• Generated power supplies
• Nuclear energy plants
• Wind energy plants
• Solar energy plants
• CCMP data
• Marine and power planning
• Offshore wind energy
• Spatial and temporal variation
• Vietnam sea
• Offshore wind resource assessment off the south african coastline
• Sustainable future energy mix
• Steep continental shelf drop
• Sustainable future energy mix in line
• Analysed for each site
• Marine economic development
• Climate change
• SWOT analysis
• Context of climate change
• Social acceptance
• Wind turbine sound
• Noise annoyance
• Planning phase
• Combining wind power
• Multi use offshore installations
• Social license
• Coastal communities
• Action Situations
• Ground clearance
• Annual energy production
• Tower cost
• Rotor blades