TAILIEUCHUNG - Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Hepatitis C: An Update

Sustainable urban development requires an integrated approach and the Thematic Strategy advocates that national and regional authorities support municipalities in achieving more integrated management at the local level. This approach is supported by both of the Council and the European Parliament5. Integrated approaches include long-term strategic visions and link different policies at different administrative levels to ensure coherency. Integrated environemntal management also means tackling related issues together such as urban management and governance, integrated spatial planning, economic wellbeing and competitiveness, social inclusion, and environmental stewardship. For example, the implementation of Community law on urban air quality not only has implications for pollution control and traffic management, but also requires combined. | AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINES Diagnosis Management and Treatment of Hepatitis C An Update Marc G. Ghany 1 Doris B. Strader 2 David L. Thomas 3 and Leonard B. Seeff4 This document has been approved by the AASLD the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American College of Gastroenterology. Preamble These recommendations provide a data-supported approach to establishing guidelines. They are based on the following 1 a formal review and analysis of the recently published world literature on the topic Medline search up to September 2008 2 the American College of Physicians Manual for Assessing Health Practices and Designing Practice Guide-lines 1 3 guideline policies including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases AASLD Policy on the Development and Use of Practice Guidelines and the American Gastroenterological Association s Policy Statement on the Use of Medical Practice Guidelines 2 and 4 the experience of the authors in regard to hepatitis C. Abbreviations AASLD American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases ALT alanine aminotransferase ANC absolute neutrophil count anti-HCV antibody to HCV AST aspartate aminotransferase CKD chronic kidney disease CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh EIA enzyme immunoassay ETR end-of-treatment response EVR early virological response FDA . Food and Drug Administration HCV hepatitis C virus HIV human immunodeficiency virus PCR polymerase chain reaction PEG polyethylene glycol RVR rapid virological response SVR sustained virological response ULN upper limit of normal. From the 1Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda MD 2Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology Fletcher Allen Health Care University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington VT 3Infectious Disease The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 4LiverDiseaseResearch Branch NationalInstitute ofDiabetes and Digestive .

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• Abdominal tuberculosis
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• disseminated tuberculosis
• genitourinary tuberculosis
• laryngeal tuberculosis
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