TAILIEUCHUNG - Electromagnetic Field Theory: A Problem Solving Approach Part 11

Electromagnetic Field Theory: A Problem Solving Approach Part 11. Electromagnetic field theory is often the least popular course in the electrical engineering curriculum. Heavy reliance on vector and integral calculus can obscure physical phenomena so that the student becomes bogged down in the mathematics and loses sight of the applications. This book instills problem solving confidence by teaching through the use of a large number of worked problems. To keep the subject exciting, many of these problems are based on physical processes, devices, and models. This text is an introductory treatment on the junior level for a two-semester electrical engineering. | Gauss s Law 75 where we used 4 . We can now use the divergence theorem to convert the surface integral to a volume integral f EdS -Z - f V- v 8 Js 4ireo Jv L tqp J When the point charge q is outside the surface every point in the volume has a nonzero value of rQP. Then using 6 with rQP 0 we see that the net flux of E through the surface is zero. This result can be understood by examining Figure 2-15a. The electric field emanating from q on that part of the surface S nearest q has its normal component oppositely directed to dS giving a negative contribution to the flux. However on the opposite side of S the electric field exits with its normal component in the same direction as dS giving a positive contribution to the flux. We have shown that these flux contributions are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign so that the net flux is zero. As illustrated in Figure 2-156 assuming q to be positive we see that when 5 surrounds the charge the electric field points outwards with normal component in the direction of dS everywhere on S so that thé flùx must be positive. If q were negative E and dS would be oppositely directed everywhere so that the flux is also negative. For either polarity with nonzero q the flux cannot be zero. To evaluate the value of this flux we realize that 8 is zero everywhere except where rQP 0 so that the surface S in 8 can be shrunk down to a small spherical surface S of infinitesimal radius Ar surrounding the point charge the rest of the volume has rQP 0 so that V V l rQP 0. On this incremental surface we know the electric field is purely radial in the same direction as dS with the field due to a point charge E dS E dS q- 2 4ir Ar 2 9 J Js 47reo Ar e0 If we had many point charges within the surface S each charge q gives rise to a flux qi e0 so that Gauss s law states that the net flux of eoE through a closed surface is equal to the net charge enclosed by the surface fe0E-dS X 4 . 10 Js all inside S Any charges outside S do not contribute to the

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