TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "FINITE-STATE APPROXIMATION OF PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMARS"

Phrase-structure grammars are an effective representation for important syntactic and semantic aspects of natural languages, but are computationally too demanding for use as language models in real-time speech recognition. An algorithm is described that computes finite-state approximations for context-free grammars and equivalent augmented phrase-structure grammar formalisms. The approximation is exact for certain contextfree grammars generating regular languages, including all left-linear and right-linear context-free grammars. . | FINITE-STATE APPROXIMATION OF PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMARS Fernando c. N. Pereira AT T Bell Laboratories 600 Mountain Ave. Murray Hill NJ 07974 Rebecca N. Wright Dept of Computer Science Yale University PO Box 2158 Yale Station New Haven CT 06520 Abstract Phrase-structure grammars are an effective representation for important syntactic and semantic aspects of natural languages but are computationally too demanding for use as language models in real-time speech recognition. An algorithm is described that computes finite-state approximations for context-free grammars and equivalent augmented phrase-structure grammar formalisms. The approximation is exact for certain context-free grammars generating regular languages including all left-linear and right-linear context-free grammars. The algorithm has been used to construct finite-state language models for limiteddomain speech recognition tasks. 1 Motivation Grammars for spoken language systems are subject to the conflicting requirements of language modeling for recognition and of language analysis for sentence interpretation. Current recognition algorithms can most directly use finite-state acceptor FSA language models. However these models are inadequate for language interpretation since they cannot express the relevant syntactic and semantic regularities. Augmented phrase structure grammar APSG formalisms such as unification-based grammars Shieber 1985a can express many of those regularities but they are computationally less suitable for language modeling because of the inherent cost of computing state transitions in APSG parsers. The above problems might be circumvented by using separate grammars for language modeling and language interpretation. Ideally the recognition grammar should not reject sentences acceptable by the interpretation grammar and it should contain as much as reasonable of the constraints built into the interpretation grammar. However if the two grammars are built independently those goals are .

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