TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Immunology at a glance (10th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Immunology at a glance" presents the following contents: Potentially useful immunity, undesirable effects of immunity, altered immunity, immunity in health and disease, Self-assessment. | r26j Antimicrobial immunity a general scheme At this point the reader will appreciate that the immune system is highly efficient at recognizing foreign substances by their shape but has no infallible way of distinguishing whether they are dangerous pathogenic . By and large this approach works well to control infection but it does have its unfortunate side . the violent immune response against foreign but harmless structures such as pollen grains etc. see Fig. 35 . Would-be parasitic microorganisms that penetrate the barriers of skin or mucous membranes top have to run the gauntlet of four main recognition systems complement top right phagocytic cells centre antibody right and cell-mediated immunity bottom together with their often interacting effector mechanisms. Unless primed by previous contact with the appropriate antigen antibody and cell-mediated adaptive responses do not come into action for several days whereas complement and phagocytic cells innate being ever present act within minutes. There are also top centre specialized innate elements such as lysozyme interferons etc. which act more or less non-specifically much as antibiotics do. Innate molecules that have evolved to block virus infection are sometimes called restriction factors. Generally speaking complement and antibody are most active against microorganisms free in the blood or tissues while cell-mediated responses are most active against those that seek refuge in cells left . But which mechanism if any is actually effective depends largely on the tactics of the microorganism itself. Successful parasites are those able to evade resist or inhibit the relevant immune mechanisms as illustrated in the following five figures. Evasion molecules together with those that directly damage the host are known as virulence factors. With increased knowledge of the host and pathogen genomes identification of virulence factors has become a top priority. 60 Immunology at a Glance Tenth Edition. . Playfair

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• Immunology at a glance
• Potentially useful immunity
• Undesirable effects of immunity
• Altered immunity
• Immunity in health and disease
• Immunity  to   bacteria
• Adaptive immunity
• Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms
• Recognition and receptors
• The keys to immunity
• Innate immunity
• Plant Biology
• Pattern triggered immunity
• Pseudomonas syringae
• Oxidative burst
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Indoor air quality
• Gram positive bacteria
• Gram negative bacteria
• Medical laboratory
• Different disinfectants