TAILIEUCHUNG - Plant physiology - Chapter 12 Assimilation of Mineral Nutrients

HIGHER PLANTS ARE AUTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS that can synthesize their organic molecular components out of inorganic nutrients obtained from their surroundings. For many mineral nutrients, this process involves absorption from the soil by the roots (see Chapter 5) and incorporation into the organic compounds that are essential for growth and development. This incorporation of mineral nutrients into organic substances such as pigments, enzyme cofactors, lipids, nucleic acids, and amino acids is termed nutrient assimilation | Chapter 2 Assimilation of Mineral Nutrients HIGHER PLANTS ARE AUTOTROPHIC ORGANISMS that can synthesize their organic molecular components out of inorganic nutrients obtained from their surroundings. For many mineral nutrients this process involves absorption from the soil by the roots see Chapter 5 and incorporation into the organic compounds that are essential for growth and development. This incorporation of mineral nutrients into organic substances such as pigments enzyme cofactors lipids nucleic acids and amino acids is termed nutrient assimilation. Assimilation of some nutrients particularly nitrogen and sulfur requires a complex series of biochemical reactions that are among the most energy-requiring reactions in living organisms In nitrate NO3 assimilation the nitrogen in NO3 is converted to a higher-energy form in nitrite NO3 then to a yet higher-energy form in ammonium NH4 and finally into the amide nitrogen of glutamine. This process consumes the equivalent of 12 ATPs per nitrogen Bloom et al. 1992 . Plants such as legumes form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to convert molecular nitrogen N2 into ammonia NH3 . Ammonia NH3 is the first stable product of natural fixation at physiological pH however ammonia is protonated to form the ammonium ion NH4 . The process of biological nitrogen fixation together with the subsequent assimilation of NH3 into an amino acid consumes about 16 ATPs per nitrogen Pate and Layzell 1990 Vande Broek and Vanderleyden 1995 . The assimilation of sulfate SO42- into the amino acid cysteine via the two pathways found in plants consumes about 14 ATPs Hell 1997 . For some perspective on the enormous energies involved consider that if these reactions run rapidly in reverse say from NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate to N2 they become explosive liberating vast amounts of energy as motion heat and light. Nearly all explosives are based on the rapid oxidation of nitrogen or sulfur compounds. 260 Chapter 12 Assimilation of other

• Sinh học
• Biochemistry
• Metabolism
• Energy
• Enzymes
• Water Balance
• Plants
• Translocation
• Water and Solutes
• Textbook of biochemistry
• Chemical basis of life
• General metabolism
• Clinical and applied biochemistry
• Applied biochemistry
• Chemistry of lipids
• Chemistry of carbohydrates
• Overview of metabolism
• Molecular biology
• Advanced biochemistry
• Steroid hormones
• Control of gene expression
• Principles of biochemistry
• Lecture Principles of biochemistry
• Biological systems
• Biochemical compounds
• Biological macromolecules
• Chemical principles
• Ebook Principles of biochemistry
• Principles of biochemistry (4th edition)
• The glyoxylate cycle
• Fatty acid catabolism
• Electron Transfer reactions
• Evolutionary foundations
• Protein interactions modulated
• Nucleic acid structure
• Ebook Plant biochemistry
• Plant biochemistry
• Plant biochemistry (Third edition)
• Several metabolic compartments
• The plant cell mechanical
• The chlorophyll molecule
• Nodule forming bacteria
• The amino acids
• The endoplasmic reticulum
• Special topics
• Harper’s illustrated biochemistry
• Replication of informational macromolecules
• Biochemistry of extracellular
• Intracellular communication
• Illustrated biochemistry
• Biochemical case histories
• The biochemistry of aging
• Signal transduction
• Hormone action
• Clinical biochemistry
• Analytical BioChemistry
• Preparation Techniques
• Analytical Chemistry
• chemical analysis
• the overall chemical analysis
• chemical analysis of materials
• General biochemistry
• biochemistry lectures
• animal biochemistry
• biochemical
• dynamic
• static biochemical
• cell membranes
• Biotechnology Biochemistry
• Algae Anatomy
• Biotechnology
• Glaucophyta
• Endosymbiosis and Origin
• Axoneme
• Lehninger principles of biochemistry
• The foundations of biochemistry
• Structure and catalysis
• The three dimensional structure of proteins
• Carbohydrates and glycobiology
• Protein function
• BRS biochemistry molecular biology
• Fuel metabolism
• Basic principles
• Basic aspects of biochemistry
• Acid–base chemistry
• Gene expression
• Synthesis of proteins
• Properties of water
• Hydrogen bonding
• Amino acids
• Amino acid structure
• Protein purification
• Cell extract
• Protein classification
• Protein 3 Dimensional structure
• Protein folding
• Protein 3 D structure
• 3 D structure
• Oxygen binding curve
• Enzyme kinetics
• Rate constants
• Catalytic Power
• Classes of enzymes
• Inhibitor kinetics
• Enzyme regulation
• Allosteric regulation
• Enzyme action
• Mechanisms of enzyme action