TAILIEUCHUNG - Early Cinema Innovations Necessary for the Advent of Cinema

The first essay shows that this reference to painting allows the filmmaker to entail a process of reduction that points to a particular kind of sublime: a sublime of what is immobile, fallen, routed and diseased, a sublime made of what frightens. By filming ordinary and therefore invisible objects, by literally ‘emptying’ the image the camera performs a phenomenological reduction which suspends the intentionality in the constitution of the object. The anguish of banality is the sublime that crosses Antonioni’s cinema: the poor phenomenon becomes saturated. This is how Bonfand explains the well- known final scene of Eclipse (L’Eclisse, 1962) | Early Cinema Innovations Necessary for the Advent of Cinema Optical toys shadow shows magic lanterns and visual tricks have existed for thousands of years. Many inventors scientists manufacturers and scientists have observed the visual phenomenon that a series of individual still pictures set into motion created the illusion of movement - a concept termed persistence of vision. This illusion of motion was first described by British physician Peter Mark Roget in 1824 and was a first step in the development of the cinema. A number of technologies simple optical toys and mechanical inventions related to motion and vision were developed in the early to late 19th century that were precursors to the birth of the motion picture industry A very early version of a magic lantern was invented in the 17th century by Athanasius Kircher in Rome. It was a device with a lens that projected images from transparencies onto a screen with a simple light source such as a candle . 1824 - the invention of the Thaumatrope the earliest version of an optical illusion toy that exploited the concept of persistence of vision first presented by Peter Mark Roget in a scholarly article by an English doctor named Dr. John Ayrton Paris 1831 - the discovery of the law of electromagnetic induction by English scientist Michael Faraday a principle used in generating electricity and powering motors and other machines including film equipment 1832 - the invention of the Fantascope also called Phenakistiscope or spindle viewer by Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau a device that simulated motion. A series or sequence of separate pictures depicting stages of an activity such as juggling or dancing were arranged around the perimeter or edges of a slotted disk. When the disk was placed before a mirror and spun or rotated a spectator looking through the slots perceived a moving picture. 1834 - the invention and patenting of another stroboscopic device adaptation the Daedalum renamed the Zoetrope in 1867 by .

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