TAILIEUCHUNG - Semantic and affective processing in psychopaths: An event-related potential ~ERP! study

In this section we define the problem we address, state our assumptions, and describe our threat model. We address the problem of designing and implement- ing malicious processors that carry out high-level at- tacks. In this paper we focus on an attacker that adds additional circuits to carry out the attack. We consider analog circuit perturbations (both timing and power), as well as discrete perturbations. We do not consider at- tacks where the gate-level design is unmodified and the attacker uses physical phenomena (., excessive heat) to perturb execution or degrade performance of the cir- cuit. There are multitude of opportunities to insert hardware-based attacks, including the design, fabrica- tion, packaging, testing, and integration. | Psychophysiology 36 1999 765-774. Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA. Copyright 1999 Society for Psychophysiological Research Semantic and affective processing in psychopaths An event-related potential ERP study KENT A. KIEHL a ROBERT D. HARE a JOHN J. MCDONALD a and JOHANN BRINKb c aDepartment of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada bDepartment of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada cRegional Health Center Pacific Abbotsford British Columbia Canada Abstract We tested the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with abnormal processing of semantic and affective verbal information. In Task 1 a lexical decision task and in Task 2 a word identification task participants responded faster to concrete than to abstract words. In Task 2 psychopaths made more errors identifying abstract words than concrete words. In Task 3 a word identification task participants responded faster to positive than to negative words. In all three tasks nonpsychopaths showed the expected event-related potential ERP differentiation between word stimuli whereas psychopaths did not. In each task the ERPs of the psychopaths included a large centrofrontal negative-going wave N350 this wave was absent or very small in the nonpsychopaths. The interpretation and significance of these differences are discussed. Descriptors Psychopathy Language Event-related potentials Affective processes Semantic processes Psychopathy is a personality disorder defined by a constellation of affective interpersonal and behavioral characteristics including egocentricity manipulativeness deceitfulness shallow affect lack of empathy guilt or remorse and a propensity to violate social and legal expectations and norms Hare 1991 1993 1996a . The factors related to the development and maintenance of the disorder are not well understood but recent theory and research suggest that the cognitions language and experiences of psychopaths appear to lack depth and affective .

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