TAILIEUCHUNG - National Goods Versus Public Goods: Defense, Disarmament, and Free Riders

Due to the growing importance of forest goods and services an increasing amount of information is being collected on the ecological and also on the socio-economic value of goods and services provided by forests. However, much of this information is collected and presented at incompatible scales or it has been classified differently. In order to make comparative ecological or economic analysis possible, standardized frameworks for assessing the importance of forest goods and services are needed. In response to this challenge, many authors have developed and presented different conceptual frameworks and typologies for describing and classifying ecosystems services (see. | National Goods Versus Public Goods Defense Disarmament and Free Riders . Jeffrey Rogers Hummel Of all the functions of the State the one generally considerec essential above all others is national defense. According ti the popular ideal national defense is a service provided b the State to its citizens. This service entails protection from aggres sors outside the State s jurisdiction usually foreign States. The mos sophisticated theoretical justification for State provision of this ser vice is the public-goods argument. Economists have called man things public goods and then endlessly debated whether the labe really applies but national defense has remained the quintessentia public good. Although rarely discussed in detail it is universall invoked as the classic representative of the public-goods As the public-goods argument has been refined by economists tw characteristics distinguish á pure public good from á private good Jeffrey Rogers Hiimniei is publications director at the Independent Institute i San Francisco. I wish to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Williamson M. Evers Joe Fuhrij and Dori Lavoie in working out the themes of this paper and leading me to crucii supporting references. Tyler Cowen David Friedman Marshall Fritz M. L. Rantah David Ramsay Steele Richard H. Timberlake Jr. David J. Theroux and Lawrence F White all gave helpful comments on drafts. They do not necessarily share my conclusion however and I alone am responsible for any remaining errors. A version of this pape was first delivered at the annual meeting of the Western Economic Association in Sa Francisco in July 1986. . xBy the State I mean government. I use the two terms interchangeably unlik many political scientists who use the term the State either for what I am calling th nation the government plus its subjects or for some vague intermediate entity whic is less entire nation but more than just the government. I capitalize the wor State to distinguish it .

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