TAILIEUCHUNG - Castings 2 Episode 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'castings 2 episode 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | problem. Water-based solutions of polymers have therefore become widespread over the last decade or so. They are safer and somewhat less unpleasant in use. Fletcher 1989 reviews their action in detail. We shall simply consider a few general points. Some polymers are used in solution in water and appear to act simply by the large molecular weight and length of their molecules increasing the viscosity and the boiling point of the water. Such viscous liquids are resistant to boiling and so provide a more even quench with the quenchant remaining in better contact with the surface of the casting. Sodium polyacrylate solution in water produces cooling rates similar to those of oils. However its action is quite different. It seems to stabilize the vapour blanket stage by enclosing the casting in a gel-like casing. The fracture of this casing towards the later stages of the quench is said to be almost explosive. Other polymers have a so-called reverse temperature coefficient of solubility. This long phrase means that the polymer becomes less soluble as the temperature of the water polymer solution is raised. Many but by no means all of the polymers are based on glycol. One widely used polymer is polyalkylene glycol. This material becomes insoluble in water above about 70 C. The commercial mixtures are usually sold already diluted with water because the product in its pure form would be intractably sticky like solid grease and would therefore present practical difficulties on getting it into solution. It is usually available containing other chemicals such as antifoaming agents and corrosion inhibitors. Such polymers have an active role during the quench. When the quenchant contacts the hot casting the pure polymer becomes insoluble. It separates from the solution and precipitates both on the surface of the casting and in the hot surrounding liquid as clouds of immiscible droplets. The sticky viscous layer on the casting and the surrounding viscous mixture inhibit boiling .

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