TAILIEUCHUNG - Music Theory FundamentalsSection 1.9

Articulations specify how notes should be performed, either in terms of duration or stress. Staccatissimo means extremely shortened duration. Staccato means shortened duration. Tenuto has two functions: it can mean full duration OR a slight stress or emphasis. Accent means stressed or emphasized (more than tenuto). Marcato means extremely stressed. An articulation of duration (staccatissimo, staccato, or | 24 Lea inMM Theo High-Yield Music Theory Vol. 1 Music Theory Fundamentals Section Dynamics Articulations Slurs Tempo Markings Dynamics Dynamics are used to indicate relative loudness ppp pianississimo very very soft pp pianissimo very soft p piano soft mp mezzo-piano medium-soft mf mezzo-forte medium-loud f forte loud ff fortissimo very loud fff fortississimo very very loud fp forte followed suddenly by piano also mfp ffp etc. sfz sforzando a forceful sudden accent fz is forceful but not as sudden as sfz Articulations Articulations specify how notes should be performed either in terms of duration or stress. Staccatissimo means extremely shortened duration. Staccato means shortened duration. Tenuto has two functions it can mean full duration OR a slight stress or emphasis. Accent means stressed or emphasized more than tenuto . Marcato means extremely stressed. An articulation of duration staccatissimo staccato or tenuto may combine with one of stress tenuto accent or marcato . Slurs Slurs are curved lines connecting different pitches. Slurs can mean 1. Bowings connect the notes as a phrase 2. for string instruments play with one motion of the bow up or down 3. for voice sing with one syllable or 4. for wind instruments don t tongue between the notes. - Chapter 1 Music Notation 25 Fermatas Breath marks Caesura Grand pause Crescendo Diminuendo Decrescendo Fermatas indicate that the music stops and holds the note until the conductor or soloist moves on. Musical context style and taste determine how long a fermata actually lasts. Breath marks indicate a quick break or for a wind instrument like trumpet or voice a breath. The caesura sometimes grand pause or . indicates a full stop and pause before the music continues. U zz A z m z z . f . short long breath caesura termata fermata fermata mark Crescendo signs and diminuendo signs indicate a gradual increase or decrease in loudness respectively. The words crescendo cresc. diminuendo dim. or decrescendo .

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