TAILIEUCHUNG - Does Intermittent Hypoxia Increase Erythropoiesis in Professional Cyclists During a 3-Week Race?

Assisted direct manipulation interfaces have been widely studied in computer graphics, dating back to Ivan Sutherland’s Sketch- Pad [Sutherland 1963]. In the context of architectural design, Harada et al. [1995] describe an interface for creating floorplans. Their interface supports local constraints and invokes discrete lo- cal search whenever the user drives the layout into a challeng- ing configuration. Likewise, Michalek and Papalambros [2002] use sequential quadratic programming to optimize an arrangement of rectangles in response to interactive manipulation. These ap- proaches assist the layout of general rectangular arrangements and do not incorporate furniture layout guidelines | Does Intermittent Hypoxia Increase Erythropoiesis in Professional Cyclists During a 3-Week Race José G. Villa1 Alejandro Lucia2 José A. Marroyo1 Concepcion Avila1 Fernando Jiménez3 Juan García-López1 Conrad P. Earnest4 and Alfredo Córdova5 Catalogue Data Villa . Lucia A. Marroyo . Avila C. Jimenez F. García-López J. Earnest . and Córdova A. 2005 . Does intermittent hypoxia increase erythropoiesis in professional cyclists during a 3-week race Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30 1 61-73. 2005 Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Key words haemoglobin haematocrit erythrocytes reticulocytes erythropoietin Mots-clés hémoglobine hématocrite erythrocytes reticulocytes érythropotétine Abstract Résumé In this study we examined the effects of intermittent hypoxia exposure IHE in a group of professional cyclists n 6 age 26 1 yr competing in the 2001 Vuelta a Espana. After each daily stage treated subjects received four 5-min bouts of normobaric IHE mean O2 concentration of simulating a mean altitude of 4 000 m interspersed with 5-min bouts of breathing hotel room air normoxia until completing a total IHE of 20-min duration. The primary outcome compared to a control group of similar characteristics not receiving IHE n 5 age 25 1 yr was the increase in erythropoietin Epo from the beginning to the end of the Vuelta. Statistical analysis showed that Epo increase tended to be higher p in the IHE group than in controls vs. respectively . However IHE had no effect on reticulocytes or erythrocyte count p . Dans cette étude nous analysons les effets d une exposition intermittente à l hypoxie IHE chez un groupe de cyclistes professionnels n 6 âge 26 1 ans participant à la Vuelta a 1Dept. of Physical Education Univ. of León León Spain 2Dept. of Physiology European Univ. of Madrid Madrid Spain 3Dept. of Physical Education Univ. of Castilla la Mancha Toledo Spain 4Center for Human Performance Nutrition Res. The Cooper Institute 12330 Preston Rd. .

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