TAILIEUCHUNG - Female chacma baboons form strong, equitable, and enduring social bonds

Sociality evolves when the net benefits of association with conspecifics exceed the costs. Individuals that live in social groups may be less vulnerable to predation, better able to defend valued resources, and able to benefit from pooling information, but they must also cope with resource competition from other group members, the threat of infectious diseases, and the risk of infanticide (Krause and Ruxton 2002). These tradeoffs favor the evolution of behavioral strategies that enable individuals to increase the benefits that they gain and minimize the costs that they incur by living in social groups. For primates and other obligately social animals, a growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of strong. | Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010 64 1733-1747 DOI s00265-010-0986-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Female chacma baboons form strong equitable and enduring social bonds Joan B. Silk Jacinta C. Beehner Thore J. Bergman Catherine Crockford Anne L. Engh Liza R. Moscovice Roman M. Wittig Robert M. Seyfarth Dorothy L. Cheney Received 16 November 2009 Revised 12 May 2010 Accepted 17 May 2010 Published online 3 June 2010 The Author s 2010. This article is published with open access at Abstract Analyses of the pattern of associations social interactions coalitions and aggression among chacma baboons Papio hamadryas ursinus in the Okavango Delta of Botswana over a 16-year period indicate that adult females form close equitable supportive and enduring social relationships. They show strong and stable preferences for close kin particularly their own mothers and daughters. Females also form strong attachments to Communicated by A. Widdig J. B. Silk Department of Anthropology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USa e-mail jsilk@ J. C. Beehner T. J. Bergman Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA J. C. Beehner Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA T. J. Bergman Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA C. Crockford R. M. Wittig School of Psychology University of St. Andrews St. Andrews KY16 9JP United Kingdom A. L. Engh R. M. Seyfarth Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA L. R. Moscovice D. L. Cheney Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA unrelated females who are close to their own age and who are likely to be paternal half-sisters. Although absolute rates of aggression among kin are as high as rates of aggression among nonkin females are more tolerant of close relatives than they are of others with whom they have comparable amounts of contact. These findings .

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