TAILIEUCHUNG - The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence

Therewas no limit placed on the time period searched. Reference lists fromarticles thatwere relevant to our purposes were studied to identify additional studies and, where the database included an option of identifying ‘‘related studies,’’ these were explored as well. Only studies published in peer reviewed journals were considered. Both reports of research as well as literature reviews were examined. For each topic we will first discuss why the topic is a problem for health educators and then review studies in health education followed by related studies in education, psychology, identified nineteen studies in health education that investigated the effects of adding pictures to written or spoken text. In addition, we. | Patient Education and Counseling ELSEVIER Patient Education and Counseling 61 2006 173-190 locate pateducou Review The role of pictures in improving health communication A review of research on attention comprehension recall and adherence Peter S. Houts a Cecilia C. Doakb Leonard G. Doakb Matthew J. Loscalzoc a Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine 500 University Drive Hershey PA 17033 USA b Patient Learning Associates 4 Chilham Court Potomac MD 20854 USA c Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0658 La Jolla CA 93093 USA Received 14 October 2004 received in revised form 28 April 2005 accepted 8 May 2005 Abstract Objective To assess the effects of pictures on health communications. Method Peer reviewed studies in health education psychology education and marketing journals were reviewed. There was no limit placed on the time periods searched. Results Pictures closely linked to written or spoken text can when compared to text alone markedly increase attention to and recall of health education information. Pictures can also improve comprehension when they show relationships among ideas or when they show spatial relationships. Pictures can change adherence to health instructions but emotional response to pictures affects whether they increase or decrease target behaviors. All patients can benefit but patients with low literacy skills are especially likely to benefit. Patients with very low literacy skills can be helped by spoken directions plus pictures to take home as reminders or by pictures plus very simply worded captions. Practice implications Educators should 1 ask how can I use pictures to support key points 2 minimize distracting details in pictures 3 use simple language in conjunction with pictures 4 closely link pictures to text and or captions 5 include people from the intended audience in designing pictures 6 have health professionals plan the pictures not artists and 7 evaluate pictures effects by .

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