TAILIEUCHUNG - Violence Against Women: Effects on Reproductive Health

There has been a steady decrease in the number of women who smoke while pregnant during the last 15 years. This is partly due to an overall decline in smoking rates among all women of childbearing age and partly due to interventions targeting women during the prenatal period. However, while many women quit smoking during pregnancy to protect their unborn children from the effects of tobacco, more than half will resume smoking within a few months of giving birth. 1 The negative health effects caused by smoking and inhaling second hand smoke are well known. Women who smoke before, during. | fifflk Violence Against Women Effects on Reproductive Health Millions of girls and women suffer from violence and its consequences because of their sex and their unequal status in society. Violence against women often called gender-based violence is a serious violation of women s human rights. Yet little attention has been paid to the serious health consequences of abuse and the health needs of abused women and girls. Women who have experienced physical sexual or psychological violence suffer a range of health problems often in silence. They have poorer physical and mental health suffer more injuries and use more medical resources than non-abused women. Females of all ages are victims of violence in part because of their limited social and economic power compared with men. While men also are victims of violence violence against women is characterized by its high prevalence within the family its acceptance by society and its serious long-term impact on women s health and well-being. The United Nations has defined violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in or is likely to result in physical sexual or mental harm or suffering to women including threats of such acts coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty whether occurring in public or private life. 1 Health care workers have the opportunity and the obligation to identify treat and educate women who are being abused. Health care institutions can make significant contributions to addressing violence against women by supporting clinicians and clients. Developing and institutionalizing national health-sector policies protocols and norms about violence call attention to the problem of gender-based violence and help ensure quality care for survivors of abuse. This Outlook issue focuses on the reproductive health consequences of violence against women. It provides examples from research and successful programs and explores how the health sector can take an active role in the prevention .

• Sức khỏe phụ nữ
• Obstructive
• Non Obstructive Azoosperm
• Gene Mutations
• Associated with Male Infertility
• Apoptosis
• ROS and Calcium
• AAT deficiency
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Controlled pilot study
• Increased bacterial loads
• Obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacotherapy
• Tube cystostomy
• Buffalo male calf
• Retention of urine
• Obstructive Urolithiasis
• Obstructive urolithiasis in male buffalo calf
• BMC Pulmonary Medicine
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
• Systematic review
• Apnea hypopnea index
• Major depression
• Obstructive apnea syndrome
• Risk factors
• Human Spermatozoa
• Relationship to Infertility
• Role of PDE5
• Post Translational
• Nuclear Proteins