TAILIEUCHUNG - Social Networking, Age and Privacy BY Sonia Livingstone, Kjartan Ólafsson and Elisabeth Staksrud

How can these differences be explained? Is it a matter of cultural factors operating in specific countries such as peer norms, parenting styles, familiarity with the internet, practices of regulation or other variables? Or, is it a matter of the design and management of the particular SNS that predominates in that country? In The Netherlands, for instance, Hyves is the main SNS but, also, Dutch peer culture (or parenting) may encourage young children to join in social networking. In this report, we point to country and/or SNS factors where appropriate, but we do not develop a deeper interpretation of these possible country differences, a task that awaits our future EU Kids Online. | ISSN 2045-256X Social Networking Age and Privacy Sonia Livingstone Kjartan Olafsson and Elisabeth Staksrud Summary Social networking sites SNS are popular among European children 38 of 9-12 year olds and 77 of 13-16 year olds have a profile. Facebook is used by one third of 9-16 year old internet users. Age restrictions are only partially effective although there are many differences by country and SNS. One in five 9-12 year olds have a Facebook profile rising to over 4 in 10 in some countries. The report also shows that Younger children are more likely than older to have their profile public . A quarter of 9-12 year old SNS users have their profile set to public . Parental rules for SNS use when applied are partly effective especially for younger children. A quarter of SNS users communicate online with people unconnected to their daily lives including one fifth of 9-12 year old SNS users. One fifth of children whose profile is public display their address and or phone number twice as many as for those with private profiles. The features designed to protect children from other users if needed are not easily understood by many younger and some older children. Widespread social networking by youth Over one third of 9-12 year olds and three quarters of 13-16 year olds who use the internet in Europe have their own profile on a social networking site SNS .1 Social networking has become one of the most popular activities online as shown by the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year old internet users in 25 countries Figure 1 .2 1 59 of 9-16 year old internet users in Europe have an SNS profile. See Livingstone S. Haddon L. Gorzig A. and Olafsson K. 2011 . Risks and safety on the internet The perspective of European children. Full Findings. LSE London EU Kids Online. 2 The unweighted total number of respondents with a SNS profile was 15 303. For the 23 of internet users who say they have more than one profile this report concerns the SNS they use the most. The data in this .

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