TAILIEUCHUNG - A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neuro- typical controls - a large case control study

When they first hear about evolutionary medicine, most doctors ask immediately, ‘How can I apply it in the clinic today?’ This surprises many basic scientists, who expect doctors to share the depth of their curiosity about why the body is the way it is. However, medicine is not a sci- ence, it is a practical profession. Patients bring their prob- lems; doctors try to help. The question, ‘Why has natural selection left the body so vulnerable to this disease?’ seems very abstract to doctors who need to know right now, ‘What is the problem? What treatment is best?’ In response to doctors’ demands for practical applica- tions, it is tempting to. | BMC Medicine A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neurotypical controls - a large case control study Duffy and Als Duffy and Als BMC Medicine 2012 10 64 http 1741-7015 10 64 26 June 2012 BioMed Central Duffy and Als BMC Medicine 2012 10 64 http 1741 -7015 10 64 BMC Medicine RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A stable pattern of EEG spectral coherence distinguishes children with autism from neurotypical controls - a large case control study Frank H Duffy1 and Heidelise Als2 Abstract Background The autism rate has recently increased to 1 in 100 children. Genetic studies demonstrate poorly understood complexity. Environmental factors apparently also play a role. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies demonstrate increased brain sizes and altered connectivity. Electroencephalogram EEG coherence studies confirm connectivity changes. However genetic- MRI- and or EEG-based diagnostic tests are not yet available. The varied study results likely reflect methodological and population differences small samples and for EEG lack of attention to group-specific artifact. Methods Of the 1 304 subjects who participated in this study with ages ranging from 1 to 18 years old and assessed with comparable EEG studies 463 children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder ASD 571 children were neuro-typical controls C . After artifact management principal components analysis PCA identified EEG spectral coherence factors with corresponding loading patterns. The 2- to 12-year-old subsample consisted of 430 ASD- and 554 C-group subjects n 984 . Discriminant function analysis DFA determined the spectral coherence factors discrimination success for the two groups. Loading patterns on the DFA-selected coherence factors described ASD-specific coherence differences when compared to controls. Results Total sample PCA of coherence data identified 40 factors which explained of the total population variance.

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