TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 116. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use (Part 1)

Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 116. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use Principles of Immunization The immune system, composed of a variety of cell types and soluble factors, is geared toward the recognition of and response to "foreign" substances termed antigens. Vaccines convey antigens from living or killed microorganisms (or protein or carbohydrate molecules derived from these antigens) to elicit immune responses that are generally protective but can occasionally backfire and cause harm to the recipient. Specific immune responses, which interrupt the infectious process, generally take the form of immunoglobulin proteins called antibodies and/or activated immune cells that recognize particular antigens from an. | Chapter 116. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use Part 1 Harrison s Internal Medicine Chapter 116. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use Principles of Immunization The immune system composed of a variety of cell types and soluble factors is geared toward the recognition of and response to foreign substances termed antigens. Vaccines convey antigens from living or killed microorganisms or protein or carbohydrate molecules derived from these antigens to elicit immune responses that are generally protective but can occasionally backfire and cause harm to the recipient. Specific immune responses which interrupt the infectious process generally take the form of immunoglobulin proteins called antibodies and or activated immune cells that recognize particular antigens from an infectious agent. Immunity is medically induced by active or passive immunization. Active immunization . the administration of a vaccine induces immunity that is usually long-lasting and is sometimes life-long. In contrast passive immunization . the administration of exogenously produced immune substances or of protective products made in animals elicits temporary immunity that dissipates with the turnover of the administered protective substances. Used together the two methods can produce a complementary effect this is the case for example with the coadministration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin. Caution is required however the combination of active and passive immunization can also interfere with the development of immunity . when measles vaccine is administered within 6 weeks of measles immunoglobulin. When multiple species or serotypes of an organism exist and share common cross-reactive antigens vaccination may induce broad immunity to all or most of the related forms or may result in serotype-specific immunity against the immunizing strain alone. One of the virtues of whole-organism vaccines is their potential to contain all the protective antigens of the .

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