TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 4)

Flagella are long appendages attached at either one or both ends of the bacterial cell (polar flagella) or distributed over the entire cell surface (peritrichous flagella). Flagella, like pili, are composed of a polymerized or aggregated basic protein. In flagella, the protein subunits form a tight helical structure and vary serologically with the species. Spirochetes such as T. pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi have axial filaments similar to flagella running down the long axis of the center of the cell, and they "swim" by rotation around these filaments. Some bacteria can glide over a surface in the absence of obvious. | Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis Part 4 Flagella are long appendages attached at either one or both ends of the bacterial cell polar flagella or distributed over the entire cell surface peritrichous flagella . Flagella like pili are composed of a polymerized or aggregated basic protein. In flagella the protein subunits form a tight helical structure and vary serologically with the species. Spirochetes such as T. pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi have axial filaments similar to flagella running down the long axis of the center of the cell and they swim by rotation around these filaments. Some bacteria can glide over a surface in the absence of obvious motility structures. Other bacterial structures involved in adherence to host tissues include specific staphylococcal and streptococcal proteins that bind to human extracellular matrix proteins such as fibrin fibronectin fibrinogen laminin and collagen. Fibronectin appears to be a commonly used receptor for various pathogens a particular amino acid sequence in fibronectin Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD is critical for bacterial binding. Binding of the highly conserved Staphylococcus aureus surface protein clumping factor A ClfA to fibrinogen has been implicated in many aspects of pathogenesis. The conserved outer-core portion of the lipopolysaccharide LPS of P. aeruginosa mediates binding to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CFTR on airway epithelial cells an event that appears to be critical for normal host resistance to infection. A number of bacterial pathogens including coagulase-negative staphylococci S. aureus and uropathogenic E. coli as well as Yersinia pestis Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica express a surface polysaccharide composed of poly-N-acetylglucosamine. One function of this polysaccharide is to promote binding to materials used in catheters and other types of implanted devices poly-N-acetylglucosamine may be a critical factor in the establishment of .

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