TAILIEUCHUNG - Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis: Anna Fantozzi and Gerhard Christofori

Two studies in Africa evaluated the feasibility of using two visual inspection methods for cervical cancer screening and assessed their performance in the field; the methods were VIA and visual inspection with Lugol’s iodine (VILI). Women in the studies were between 25 and 59 years of age, with at least 73 percent younger than age 45. The studies, in Tanzania and Angola, found that it is feasible to set up visual inspection screening programs in low-resource countries, the services are safe and well accepted, and health workers can be trained to accurately screen women for cervical cancer and precancer | Available online http content 8 4 212 Review Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis Anna Fantozzi and Gerhard Christofori Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences DKBW Center of Biomedicine University of Basel Mattenstrasse 28 CH-4058 Basel Switzerland Corresponding author Gerhard Christofori Published 26 July 2006 This article is online at http content 8 4 212 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Breast Cancer Research 2006 8 212 doi bcr1530 Abstract Metastatic spread of cancer cells is the main cause of death of breast cancer patients and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process is a major focus in cancer research. The identification of appropriate therapeutic targets and proof-of-concept experimentation involves an increasing number of experimental mouse models including spontaneous and chemically induced carcinogenesis tumor transplantation and transgenic and or knockout mice. Here we give a progress report on how mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the molecular processes underlying breast cancer metastasis and on how such experimentation can open new avenues to the development of innovative cancer therapy. Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer and the second leading cause of death in Western women 1 . Death and most of the complications associated with breast cancer are due to metastasis developing in regional lymph nodes and in distant organs including bone lung liver and brain 1 2 . As in many other metastatic cancer types specific molecular changes occurring within both the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contribute to the detachment of tumor cells from the primary tumor mass invasion into the tumor stroma intravasation into nearby blood vessels or lymphatics survival in the bloodstream extravasation into and colonization of the target organ and .

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