TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 179. Common Viral Respiratory Infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Acute viral respiratory illnesses are among the most common of human diseases, accounting for one-half or more of all acute illnesses. The incidence of acute respiratory disease in the United States is 3– cases per person per year. | Chapter 179. Common Viral Respiratory Infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS Acute viral respiratory illnesses are among the most common of human diseases accounting for one-half or more of all acute illnesses. The incidence of acute respiratory disease in the United States is cases per person per year. The rates are highest among children 1 year old cases per year and remain high until age 6 when a progressive decrease begins. Adults have 3-4 cases per person per year. Morbidity from acute respiratory illnesses accounts for 30-50 of time lost from work by adults and for 60-80 of time lost from school by children. The use of antibacterial agents to treat viral respiratory infections represents a major source of abuse of that category of drugs. It has been estimated that two-thirds to three-fourths of cases of acute respiratory illnesses are caused by viruses. More than 200 antigenically distinct viruses from 10 genera have been reported to cause acute respiratory illness and it is likely that additional agents will be described in the future. The vast majority of these viral infections involve the upper respiratory tract but lower respiratory tract disease can also develop particularly in younger age groups in the elderly and in certain epidemiologic settings. The illnesses caused by respiratory viruses traditionally have been divided into multiple distinct syndromes such as the quot common cold quot pharyngitis croup laryngotracheobronchitis tracheitis bronchiolitis bronchitis and pneumonia. Each of these general categories of illness has a certain epidemiologic and clinical profile for example croup occurs exclusively in very young children and has a characteristic clinical course. Some types of respiratory illness are more likely to be associated with certain viruses . the common cold with rhinoviruses while others occupy characteristic epidemiologic niches . adenovirus infections in military recruits . The syndromes most .

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