TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: Compartmentalized signalling: Ca2+ compartments, microdomains and the many facets of Ca2+ signalling

Ca 2+ regulates a multitude of cellular processes and does so by partition-ing its actions in space and time. In this review, we discuss how Ca 2+ responses are constructed from small quantal (elementary) events that have the potential to propagate to produce large pan-cellular responses. We review how Ca 2+ is compartmentalized both physically and functionally, and describe how each organelle has its own distinct Ca 2+ -handling prop-erties. | MINIREVIEW Compartmentalized signalling Ca2 compartments microdomains and the many facets of Ca2 signalling Alex J. Laude and Alec W. M. Simpson Department Human Anatomy and CellBiology University of Liverpool UK Keywords calcium calcium store CICR compartmentalized cyclic ADP-ribose inositol trisphosphate receptor microdomains nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate organelle ryanodine intracellular receptor Correspondence A. W. M. Simpson Department Human Anatomy and CellBiology Schoolof BiomedicalSciences University of Liverpool Sherrington Buildings Ashton Street LiverpoolL69 3GE UK Fax 44 151 7945517 Tel 44 151 7945510 E-mail awms@ Received 1 September 2008 revised 18 December 2008 accepted 22 January 2009 doi Ca2 regulates a multitude of cellular processes and does so by partitioning its actions in space and time. In this review we discuss how Ca2 responses are constructed from small quantal elementary events that have the potential to propagate to produce large pan-cellular responses. We review how Ca2 is compartmentalized both physically and functionally and describe how each organelle has its own distinct Ca2 -handling properties. We explain how coordination of the movement of Ca2 between organelles is used to shape and hone Ca2 signals. Finally we provide a number of specific examples of where compartmentation and localization of Ca2 are crucial to cell function. Calcium ions Ca2 control and influence a diverse array of cellular processes such as muscle contraction gene expression energy metabolism proliferation and cell death. In order to extensively control cellular activity it is necessary to regulate Ca2 signals changes in Ca2 concentration in 3D space time and amplitude. Cells normally maintain a low resting free Ca2 concentration in the cytosol Ca2 c of 100 nM. This contrasts with 1 mM in the extracellular fluid of terrestrial animals and 10 mM in seawater. In order to achieve this low resting Ca2 c .

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