TAILIEUCHUNG - Air pollution and biodiversity: a review

Several attempts have been made to analyze the impacts of air pollution on wildlife . More recently, research for WWF has assessed the impacts on wildlife through a literature survey which identified effects on 1,300 species, including 11 mammals, 29 birds, 10 amphibians, 398 higher plants, 305 fungi, 238 lichens and 65 invertebrates, providing the most detailed survey to date 7 . In general, the studies have concentrated on either specific ecosystems, or individual groups of plants and animals. Whilst these investigations have all been useful in helping to identify the existence and scale of the problem relating to biodiversity and air pollution, they have not, on the whole,. | Air pollution and biodiversity a review Nigel Dudley Sue Stolton 23 Bath Buildings Montpelier Bristol BS6 5PT Keywords air pollution biodiversity Contact information Nigel Dudley 23 Bath Buildings Montpelier Bristol BS6 5PT. Telephone and fax 44-117-942-8674. E-mail 1 Executive Summary The following review assesses the impact of air pollution on biodiversity. Rather than looking at the issue on a habitat by habitat basis or by examining effects on successive groups of plants and animals it draws some general ecological conclusions regarding the impact of air pollution on biodiversity. The following main conclusions are drawn Lower life forms are usually more affected by air pollution than higher life forms In general plants are more affected than animals on land but not in freshwater Most affected species decline due to pollution but a minority increase. Impacts on wild plants and animals Air pollution has played a key role in changing the distribution of many plant species and the ecology of susceptible plant communities in polluted areas Impacts on invertebrates appear to be wide-ranging but few general assessments have been attempted Impacts on higher animals are most commonly linked with food loss and reproductive effects rather than to direct toxic effects on adults Indeed many animals have proved to be reasonably adaptable to air pollution Responses to air pollution also differ markedly within many animal groups. Complexities of air pollution Different air pollutants have a range of effects on a single species Some pollutants can appear to be initially beneficial to a particular species but later become harmful or are harmful to the ecosystem as a whole Air pollution does not constitute a single problem but presents an array of threats and opportunities to plants and animals Tropospheric air pollution interacts with other pollution effects including ozone depletion and climate change Air pollutants also interact with other natural .

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