TAILIEUCHUNG - Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India

The Blacksmith Institute’s database contains almost 350 sites contaminated with mercury, putting close to 10 million people at risk from the identified sites. It is the second most prevalent pollutant in the database. The top sources of mercury pollution are artisanal gold processing, mining and ore processing, coal mining, processing and localized air pollution related to coal combustion at poorly controlled sites, and chemical manufacturing, notably for older chlor-alkali plants making chlorine. Artisanal mining of gold ores and processing using mercury is common worldwide. Mercury is used to recover gold from ores and is released into the environment through mine. | MITCEEPR MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Environmental Regulations Air and Water Pollution and Infant Mortality in India Michael Greenstone and Rema Hanna July 2011 CEEPR WP 2011-014 A Joint Center ofthe Department of Economics MIT Energy Initiative and MIT Sloan School of Management. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AIR AND WATER POLLUTION AND INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA Michael Greenstone Rema Hanna ABSTRACT Using the most comprehensive data file ever compiled on air pollution water pollution environmental regulations and infant mortality from a developing country the paper examines the effectiveness of India s environmental regulations. The air pollution regulations were effective at reducing ambient concentrations of particulate matter sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The most successful air pollution regulation is associated with a modest and statistically insignificant decline in infant mortality. However the water pollution regulations had no observable effect. Overall these results contradict the conventional wisdom that environmental quality is a deterministic function of income and underscore the role of institutions and politics. Michael Greenstone MIT Department of Economics 50 Memorial Drive E52-359 Cambridge MA 02142-1347 and NBER mgreenst@ Rema Hanna Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 JFK Street Cambridge MA 02138 and NBER rema_hanna@ We thank Samuel Stolper for truly outstanding research assistance. In addition we thank Joseph Shapiro and Abigail Friedman for excellent research assistance. Funding from the MIT Energy Initiative is gratefully acknowledged. The analysis was conducted while Hanna was a fellow at the Science Sustainability Program at Harvard University. 2011 by Michael Greenstone and Rema Hanna. All rights reserved. Short sections of text not to exceed two paragraphs may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit including notice is given to the source. I. .

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