TAILIEUCHUNG - Programming language

A succession of steadily more powerful and flexible computing devices were constructed in the 1930s and 1940s, gradually adding the key features that are seen in modern computers. The use of digital electronics (largely invented by Claude Shannon in 1937) and more flexible programmability were vitally important steps, but defining one point along this road as "the first digital electronic computer" is 1940 Notable achievements include: | David P. Williamson David Copyright 2010 by David P. Williamson and David B. Shmoys. All rights reserved. To be published by Cambridge University Press. 2 This electronic-only manuscript is published on with the permission of Cambridge University Press. One copy per user may be taken for personal use only and any other use you wish to make of the work is subject to the permission of Cambridge University Press rights@ . You may not post this file on any other website. Electronic web edition. Copyright 2011 by David P. Williamson and David B. Shmoys. To be published by Cambridge University Press Preface This book is designed to be a textbook for graduate-level courses in approximation algorithms. After some experience teaching minicourses in the area in the mid-1990s we sat down and wrote out an outline of the book. Then one of us DPW who was at the time an IBM Research Staff Member taught several iterations of the course following the outline we had devised in Columbia University s Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research in Spring 1998 in Cornell University s School of Operations Research and Industrial Engineering in Fall 1998 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology s Laboratory for Computer Science in Spring 2000. The lecture notes from these courses were made available and we got enough positive feedback on them from students and from professors teaching such courses elsewhere that we felt we were on the right track. Since then there have been many exciting developments in the area and we have added many of them to the book we taught additional iterations of the course at Cornell in Fall 2006 and Fall 2009 in order to field test some of the writing of the newer results. The courses were developed for students who have already had a class undergraduate or graduate in algorithms and who were comfortable with the idea of mathematical proofs about the correctness of algorithms. The book .

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