TAILIEUCHUNG - Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 35, 2008

For years, prenatal care has been recognized as a component of obstetrical care; however, until the latter half of the twentieth century it has been relatively limited. In the 1970s and 1980s studies showed that an investment in earlier and more comprehensive prenatal care resulted in a cost savings by decreasing preterm births and delivery complications. Over the past 20 years, as technology and the Human Genome Project have impacted medical care, the scope of prenatal care has also changed. Originally, obstetrical care was directed at minimizing maternal and infant death associated with delivery and the immediate postpartum period. Gradually, efforts to prevent the development of prenatal complications (eg, pre-eclampsia). | OFFICE OBSTETRICS CONTENTS Foreword xi William F. Rayburn Preface xiii Sharon T. Phelan Components and Timing of Prenatal Care 339 Sharon T. Phelan The primary objective for prenatal care has not changed in the past 100 years to have the pregnancy end with a healthy baby and mother. By identifying risk factors for pregnancy complications or other maternal health concerns that need to be addressed the provider hopes to optimize pregnancy outcome. By using a series of screening and diagnostic tests as well as serially trending certain components of the physical examination the provider monitors the ongoing health of the pregnancy. As the ability to screen and intervene has improved over the last century the issues to be assessed have expanded to include not only medical aspects of care but also barriers to access psychologic considerations and patient education about general health pregnancy and childbirth. The Prenatal Medical Record Purpose Organization and the Debate of Print Versus Electronic 355 Sharon T. Phelan The obstetric prenatal record is one of the best most organized medical record systems currently used in the United States. This has allowed a standardization of care and documentation that has benefited pregnant women over the past two decades. The transition to an electronic record must maintain these advances and hopefully strengthen them with the use of electronic prompts seamless transfer of information and universal accessibility to the records regardless of the location of care. VOLUME 35 NUMBER 3 SEPTEMBER 2008 vii Nutrition During Pregnancy 369 Jean T. Cox and Sharon T. Phelan Nutritional concerns in pregnancy are gaining increasing importance as problems with obesity poor nutrition and improper weight gain during pregnancy have been shown to result in morbidity for mother and infant during the pregnancy. More recent studies show that the impact of poor nutrition in pregnancy extends for decades to follow for the mother and the offspring. .

• Y học thường thức
• Musculoskeletal Diseases
• Infectious Diseases
• Pulmonary Diseases
• Vascular Diseases
• Critical Care
• Alternative Medicine
• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Living allowance
• Sick leave
• Work disability
• Work outcome
• Prevalence of Diseases
• Mental Disorders
• HePrevalence of Diseases
• Hereditary Diseases
• Medical History
• Physical Examination
• Musculoskeletal Systemeditary Diseases
• Musculoskeletal System
• Activities of daily living
• Valued life activities
• Rasch analysis
• Confirmatory factor analysis
• Musculoskeletal degenerative diseases
• Intervertebral disc degeneration
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Gene polymorphism
• Musculoskeletal health
• Musculoskeletal disorders
• Global burden
• Joint diseases
• Physical therapy specialty
• Validation studies
• Questionnaire designs
• Treatment adherence and compliance
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Pain threshold
• Occupational stress
• Sociological factors
• Chronic pain
• Low back pain
• Neck pain
• Health care spending
• Cross cultural comparison
• Surveys and questionnaires
• Musculoskeletal complaints
• Systematic review
• Meta analysis
• Perioperative nurses
• Family conflict
• Gender specific division
• Adjusted regression analyses
• Social determinants of health
• Musculoskeletal symptom
• Occupational diseases
• Lower limbs symptoms
• Neck symptoms
• clinical
• medical health
• health care
• Interventional Techniques
• Health personnel
• Working life
• Work ability
• Disability pension
• Periprosthetic joint infection
• Second stage revision
• Inflammatory diseases
• Total joint arthroplasty
• End stage renal disease
• Degenerative lumbar diseases
• Lumbar posterolateral fusion
• Lumbar interbody fusion
• Functional outcomes
• Central serous chorioretinopathy
• Rheumatic diseases
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• PEEK rod systems
• Non fusion procedure
• Lumbar degenerative diseases
• Pedicle based dynamic stabilization
• Goal attainment
• Motivational interviewing
• Stepped wedge trial
• Oblique lateral interbody fusion
• Significant iatrogenic injury
• Challenging cases in musculoskeletal imaging
• Selecting the correct imaging modality
• Image interpretation
• Lesions with mixed features
• Diseases of spinal entheses
• Sclerotic changes