TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: Drug-resistant malaria ) an insight

Despite intensive research extending back to the 1930s, when the first syn-thetic antimalarial drugs made their appearance, the repertoire of clinically licensed formulations remains very limited. Moreover, widespread and increasing resistance to these drugs contributes enormously to the difficul-ties in controlling malaria, posing considerable intellectual, technical and humanitarian challenges. | MINIREVIEW Drug-resistant malaria - an insight John E. Hyde Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester UK Keywords antifolates artemisinins atovaquone chloroquine combination therapy gene copy number gene polymorphisms Plasmodium falciparum Correspondence J. E. Hyde Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK Fax 44 161 306 5201 Tel 44 161 306 4185 E-mail Received 6 February 2007 accepted 11 July 2007 doi Despite intensive research extending back to the 1930s when the first synthetic antimalarial drugs made their appearance the repertoire of clinically licensed formulations remains very limited. Moreover widespread and increasing resistance to these drugs contributes enormously to the difficulties in controlling malaria posing considerable intellectual technical and humanitarian challenges. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to these agents is emerging that should permit new drugs to be rationally developed and older ones to be engineered to regain their efficacy. This review summarizes recent progress in analysing the causes of resistance to the major antimalarial drugs and its spread. Malaria has a broad distribution throughout tropical and subtropical areas affecting both indigenous populations and increasing numbers of travellers. The disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted via the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. These parasites have a complex life cycle in both the mosquito and human hosts in the latter sporozoite forms injected by the mosquito during its blood meal migrate to liver cells where after extensive replication merozoites are released into the bloodstream to start the cycles of erythrocyte invasion intracellular growth and division followed by host-cell lysis and reinvasion which

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