TAILIEUCHUNG - BIOMES OF THE EARTH - GRASSLANDS Part 8

Chủ trang trại kiểm soát chúng bằng cách đốt, nhổ, hoặc nhiễm độc các bụi cây với thuốc diệt cỏ. Cảnh quan vẫn giống như mở đồng cỏ, nhưng ngày nay nó được quản lý đồng cỏ và rất khác nhau từ đồng cỏ tự nhiên nó đã thay thế. | USES FOR GRASSLAND 185 ryii Ranchers now control them by burning uprooting or poisoning the shrubs with herbicides. The landscape still resembles open grassland but nowadays it is managed grassland and very different from the natural grassland it has replaced. Cattle ranching is not confined to North America. Very similar management systems have developed in South America first on the open pampa and more recently in areas of tropical savanna established on land that was formerly forested. There are also cattle ranches in Australia and on the South African veld. Partly tamed aurochsen would have been suspicious of people and much too nervous to allow themselves to be milked. Indeed it is unlikely that the cattle were used for food at all. They were probably taken into villages for religious purposes as they are today in Assam and used in religious rituals that involved decorating and venerating them but not killing them. After a time they were used as draft animals to haul wheeled carts and plows. Cattle living close to the village would have changed the immediate environment. They would have destroyed the lower branches of trees and trampled the surface vegetation enlarging the forest clearings in which people lived. They would also have destroyed crops unless these were fenced for protection fouled riverbanks and ponds used for drinking water and attracted wolves lions and other unwelcome visitors. Every day people would have had to drive the cattle away from their crops and drinking water and every evening they would have had to protect them by driving them into fenced enclosures or cattle sheds. Gradually the animals would have grown accustomed to humans and less fearful of them. The earliest evidence of domesticated cattle has been found at the site of Ọatal Huyuk an ancient town in Turkey where as well as bones there is a shrine where aurochsen horns are set in clay. The earliest bones date from about 6400 . the shrine dates from about 5950 . Over .

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