TAILIEUCHUNG - Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk: A Critical Analysis

The additional material includes a new Background section, intended to provide a broad overview of breast cancer for non-clinicians; a new Topic 1, Primary care and the management of women at high risk; and a new Topic 8, Management of advanced, recurrent and metastatic disease. The topic areas and numbers therefore differ from the original Manual. Material in the Evidence sections of the topic areas is based on systematic reviews of research evidence carried out by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The Research Evidence for the Manual Update provides a summary of these systematic reviews. It is available on the accompanying CD-rom or to purchase as. | CHAPTER 38 Gold . Slone . Ames . and Manley . Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk A Critical Analysis. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Second Edition R. Krieger ed. San Diego CA Academic Press pp. 799-843 2001 . Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk A Critical Analysis Lois Swirsky Gold Thomas H. Slone Bruce N. Ames University of California Berkeley Neela B. Manley Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory INTRODUCTION Possible cancer hazards from pesticide residues in food have been much discussed and hotly debated in the scientific literature the popular press the political arena and the courts. Consumer opinion surveys indicate that much of the . public believes that pesticide residues in food are a serious cancer hazard Opinion Research Corporation 1990 . In contrast epidemiologic studies indicate that the major preventable risk factors for cancer are smoking dietary imbalances endogenous hormones and inflammation . from chronic infections . Other important factors include intense sun exposure lack of physical activity and excess alcohol consumption Ames et al. 1995 . The types of cancer deaths that have decreased since 1950 are primarily stomach cervical uterine and colorectal. Overall cancer death rates in the United States excluding lung cancer have declined 19 since 1950 Ries et al. 2000 . The types that have increased are primarily lung cancer 87 is due to smoking as are 31 of all cancer deaths in the United States American Cancer Society 2000 melanoma probably due to sunburns and non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. If lung cancer is included mortality rates have increased over time but recently have declined Ries et al. 2000 . Thus epidemiological studies do not support the idea that synthetic pesticide residues are important for human cancer. Although some epidemiologic studies find an association between cancer and low levels of some industrial pollutants the studies often have weak or inconsistent results rely on .

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