TAILIEUCHUNG - SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER: RECENT EVIDENCE AND A DISCUSSION OF SOME QUESTIONS

Biomarkers in development by EDRN address common malignancies as well as mesothelioma and hepatocellular cancer. The latter are of major worldwide importance and are increasing in incidence in the United States. EDRN Collaborative Groups, focused on breast and gynecologic cancers, gastrointestinal and other associated cancers, lung and upper aerodigestive cancers and prostate and urologic cancers, each have biomarkers in prevalidation and validation phases in which the accuracy of experimental results is confirmed. There are over 120 biomarkers in development, alone and in combinations, across the EDRN phases: 27 in Phase 2 development (validating the capacity of biomarkers to. | Smoking and Lung Cancer Recent Evidence and a Discussion of Some Questions 1 Jerome Cornfield 2 3 William Haenszel 4 E. Cuyler Hammond 5 Abraham M. Lilienfeld 2 Michael B. Shimkin 4 and Ernst L. Wynder 6 ĩ Summary This report reviews some of the more recent epidemiologic and experimental findings on the relationship of tobacco smoking to lung cancer and discusses some criticisms directed against the conclusion that tobacco smoking especially cigarettes has a causal role in the increase in bronchogenic carcinoma. The magnitude of the excess lung-cancer risk among cigarette smokers is so great that the results can not be interpreted as arising from an indirect association of cigarette smoking with some other agent or characteristic since this hypothetical agent would have to be at least as strongly associated with lung cancer as cigarette use no such agent has been found or suggested. The consistency of all the epidemiologic and experimental evidence also supports the conclusion of a causal relationship with cigarette smoking while there are serious inconsistencies in reconciling the evidence with other hypotheses which have been advanced. Unquestionably there are areas where more research is necessary and of course no single cause accounts for all lung cancer. The information already available however is sufficient for planning and activating public health measures. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22 173-203 1959. In 1957 a Study Group 75 appointed by the National Cancer Institute the National Heart Institute the American Cancer Society and the American Heart Association examined the scientific evidence on the effects of tobacco smoking on health and arrived at the following conclusion The sum total of scientific evidence establishes beyond reasonable doubt that cigarette smoking is a causative factor in the rapidly increasing incidence of human epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. Concurrently a report from the Medical Research Council 57 of Great Britain appeared which also .

• Y học thường thức
• Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
• Role of Oxidative Stress
• Inflammation and DNA
• COX 2 Promoter
• Early Detection
• Clinical Setting
• Step Ahead of Cancer
• Epigenetic Paradigm
• Lifestyle Changes
• development measures