TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 046. Sodium and Water (Part 16)

Metabolic acidoses, with the exception of those due to the accumulation of organic anions, can be associated with mild hyperkalemia resulting from intracellular buffering of H+ (see above). Insulin deficiency and hypertonicity (., hyperglycemia) promote K+ shift from the ICF to the ECF. The severity of exercise-induced hyperkalemia is related to the degree of exertion. It is due to release of K+ from muscles and is usually rapidly reversible, often associated with rebound hypokalemia. Treatment with beta blockers rarely causes hyperkalemia but may contribute to the elevation in plasma K+ concentration seen with other conditions. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (Chap | Chapter 046. Sodium and Water Part 16 Metabolic acidoses with the exception of those due to the accumulation of organic anions can be associated with mild hyperkalemia resulting from intracellular buffering of H see above . Insulin deficiency and hypertonicity . hyperglycemia promote K shift from the ICF to the ECF. The severity of exercise-induced hyperkalemia is related to the degree of exertion. It is due to release of K from muscles and is usually rapidly reversible often associated with rebound hypokalemia. Treatment with beta blockers rarely causes hyperkalemia but may contribute to the elevation in plasma K concentration seen with other conditions. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Chap. 382 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by episodic weakness or paralysis precipitated by stimuli that normally lead to mild hyperkalemia . exercise . The genetic defect appears to be a single amino acid substitution due to a mutation in the gene for the skeletal muscle Na channel. Hyperkalemia may occur with severe digitalis toxicity due to inhibition of the Na K -ATPase pump. Depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine can increase the plasma K concentration especially in patients with massive trauma burns or neuromuscular disease. Chronic hyperkalemia is virtually always associated with decreased renal K excretion due to either impaired secretion or diminished distal solute delivery Table 46-4 . The latter is seldom the only cause of impaired K excretion but may significantly contribute to hyperkalemia in protein-malnourished low urea excretion and ECF volume-contracted decreased distal NaCl delivery patients. Decreased K secretion by the principal cells results from either impaired Na reabsorption or increased Cl- reabsorption. Table 46-4 Causes of Hyperkalemia I. Renal failure II. Decreased distal flow . decreased effective circulating arterial volume III. Decreased K secretion A. Impaired Na reabsorption 1. Primary hypoaldosteronism .

• Y học thường thức
• Sodium and Water
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu học ngành y
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• Modeling of hydrodynamic processes
• Large leak of water into sodium
• The fast reactor coolant circuit
• Mesh characteristic method
• Sodium water reaction
• Interparticle potential of 10 nanometer titanium nanoparticles in liquid sodium
• 10 nanometer titanium nanoparticles in liquid sodium
• Sodiume water reaction
• Van der Waals forces
• bệnhbệnh học và điều trị
• Sodium and Water học và điều trị
• Changing of soil stability in irrigation with reclaimed water
• Soil stability in irrigation with reclaimed water
• Irrigation with reclaimed water
• Sodium Adsorption Ratio
• Scanning Electron Microscopy
• Groundwater quality assessment
• Water quality index
• Soluble Sodium percentage
• Nemerows Pollution Index
• NEA and the IAEA
• Sodium cooled fast reactors
• Pressurized water reactors
• Occupational Exposure program
• Nuclear power plants
• RSC water
• Soil dehydrogenase enzyme
• Nutrient content
• Different residual sodium carbonate waters
• Soil nutrient availability
• Sodium selenite
• Selenium enriched yeast
• Carcass characteristics
• Meat quality
• Water holding capacity(WHC)
• Extract reserve volume
• Thiobarbituric acid