TAILIEUCHUNG - OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P91

OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P91:There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification. The benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great. Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff. | OCA OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 856 avoids these problems. It can be run without any impact on end users. A limitation is that the table s tablespace must have been created to use automatic segment space management. Tables in tablespaces that use the older freelist technique for managing segment space usage cannot be shrunk because unlike the new bitmap method the freelist does not include sufficient information for Oracle to work out how full each block actually is. The syntax of SHRINK is alter table_name shrink space cascade compact The underlying implementation of a table shrink is to relocate rows from the end of the table into blocks toward the beginning of the table by means of matched INSERT and DELETE operations. Then when all possible moves have been done to bring the high water mark of the table down to the last currently used block release all the space above this point. There are two distinct phases the compact phase moves the rows in a series of small transactions through normal DML that generates both undo and redo and uses row locks. The second phase is a DDL command. As with any DDL command this is a transaction against the data dictionary it will execute almost instantaneously but will require a very short table lock. EXAM TIP A table shrink operation generates undo and redo. Indexes are maintained because the shrink is implemented as a set of DML transactions. There is no table lock during the compaction but individual rows will be locked while they are being moved. Using the keyword COMPACT carries out the first phase but not the second the rows are relocated but the space is not actually released from the segment. The reason for using this is that while the compaction can occur during normal running hours though it may take many hours to complete on a large table it is possible that the DDL at the end will hang due to concurrency with other transactions. So it may be necessary to shrink the table with the COMPACT keyword first

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