TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 70

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 70. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 670 O Neill Onora O Neill Onora 1941- . British moral and political philosopher. She has written on Kant s moral philosophy and employs a Kantian approach in considering ethical and political issues including such traditionally neglected issues as the position of children and the role of parenting gender and questions of international justice. She criticizes much political and moral philosophy which is commonly called Kantian by both its proponents and detractors. Such work often emphasizes moral imperatives and duties but is not really true to Kant s emphasis on principles that can be universally adopted. In recent mainly US liberal political philosophy Kantianism is understood to be rights-based and therefore to deemphasize such categories as virtue need and obligation. O Neill argues that a properly Kantian approach encompasses these categories. . Onora O Neill Faces of Hunger London 1986 . ----Constructions of Reason Cambridge 1989 . ----TowardsJustice and Virtue Cambridge 1996 . ----Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics Cambridge 2002 . one-over-many problem. How can many things . Frances Sarah and Geoffrey all be one thing . lefthanded Age-old solutions postulate a universal . the idea of left-handedness related to these particulars and standing over them. Doubtless various kinds of such universals exist. But we can still ask How can many things all be related-to-one-universal Explanation of being so-and-so predication seems inevitably to presuppose the very thing it seeks to explain. . D. F. Pears Universals in A. Flew ed. Logic and Language 2nd series Oxford 1955 . ontological argument for the existence of God. A line of argument which appears to appeal to no contingent fact at all but only to an analysis ofthe concept of God. The argument is that this concept unlike many others is necessarily instantiated. Sometimes an intermediate step is the argument that if it is possible for this concept to be instantiated then it is instantiated and this

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