TAILIEUCHUNG - The Quantum Mechanics Solver 11

The Quantum Mechanics Solver 11 uniquely illustrates the application of quantum mechanical concepts to various fields of modern physics. It aims at encouraging the reader to apply quantum mechanics to research problems in fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics. Advanced undergraduates and graduate students will find a rich and challenging source of material for further exploration. This book consists of a series of problems concerning present-day experimental or theoretical questions on quantum mechanics | Part II Quantum Entanglement and Measurement 11 The EPR Problem and Bell s Inequality When a quantum system possesses more than one degree of freedom the associated Hilbert space is a tensor product of the spaces associated to each degree of freedom. This structure leads to specific properties of quantum mechanics whose paradoxical character has been pointed out by Einstein Podolsky and Rosen. Here we study an example of such a situation by considering entangled states for the spins of two particles. The system under consideration is a hydrogen atom which is dissociated into an electron and a proton. We consider the spin states of these two particles when they have left the dissociation region and are located in geometrically distinct regions . a few meters from one another. They are then free particles whose spin states do not evolve. The Electron Spin Consider a unit vector uv in the z x plane uv cos puz sin pux where uz and ux are unit vectors along the z and x axes. We note Sev the component of the electron spin along the uv axis. . What are the eigenvalues of Sev . We denote the eigenvectors of Sev by e p and e p which in the limit 0 reduce respectively to the eigenvectors e and e of Sez. Express e p and e p in terms of e and e . . Assume the electron is emitted in the state e ip . One measures the component Sea of the spin along the direction ua cos a uz sin a ux. What is the probability P a of finding the electron in the state e a What is the expectation value Sea in the spin state e ip 100 11 The EPR Problem and Bell s Inequality Correlations Between the Two Spins We first assume that after the dissociation the electron-proton system is in the factorized spin state e p 0 p p . We recall that if ux and u2 are vectors of E and vx and v2 of F if u 0 v belongs to the tensor product G E 0 F and if A and B act respectively in E and F C A 0 B acting in G one has W 0 4 C ux 0 V1 U2 î 1 B V1 . . What is the probability P a

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