TAILIEUCHUNG - Encyclopedia Of Animal Science - C

Từ điển khoa học động vật vần C | Camelids Han Jianlin International Livestock Research Institute ILRI Nairobi Kenya INTRODUCTION Camelids comprise three genera of Camelus found exclusively in the Old World Lama and Vicugna in the New World or South America of the Camelidae family including four domesticated species 1 domestic Bac-trian or two-humped camels C. bactrianus Linnaeus 1758 2 dromedaries or Arabian or one-humped camels C. dromedarius Linnaeus 1758 3 llamas L. glama Linnaeus 1758 and 4 alpacas V. pacos formerly L. pacos Linnaeus 1758 and three wild species wild Bactrian camels C. ferus or C. bactrianus ferus Przewalski 1883 guanacos L. guanicoe Muller 1776 and vicunas V. vicugna Molina 1782 . The overlap in distribution of domestic Bactrian camels and dromedaries is limited to small areas in central Asia. However the distribution of all four of the South American camelids overlap in large areas in the Andes. The Old World camels may produce fertile hybrids. Hybridizations among all four South American species have also been confirmed through DNA analyses. Today domestic camelid rearing is central to the economies of the poorest nomads in dry and cold Central Asia dry and hot Middle East and North Africa and the high and chilly Andes. ORIGIN AND DOMESTICATION Fossil records trace early evolution of Camelidae in North America. The predecessors of Camelus migrated to the Old World by the Bering Straits into Eurasia in the Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Others migrated from North America to South America about this time and became the founders of the South American camelids. Camelidae became extinct in North America possibly due to overhunting 12 000 14 000 years ago. Recent studies on phylogenetic divergences between dromedary and domestic Bactrian camels postulate speciation of their ancestors in the early Pliocene prior to migration from North America to Eurasia accommodating the hypothesis of separate domestications of dromedary in ancient Arabic territory and Bactrian camel in central .

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