TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 36

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 36', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 238 5. The absolute use of the present perfect When the situation referred to is a repetitive habit which is a static hypersituation see the continuative interpretation is ruled out if the precise number of subsituations making up the hypersituation is specified. This too has to do with the criterion of nonboundedness since a specification of the number of subsituations automatically renders the clause bounded. Compare We ve been eating on the verandah since this spell of good weather started. continuing temporary habit see below We ve been eating on the verandah eight times since this spell of good weather started. Of course we can say We ve eaten on the verandah eight times since this spell of good weather started but this clause receives an up-to-now reading not a continuative one. As we will see in the up-to-now reading in question is a quantificational constitution reading the sentence answers the overt or covert question How often have you eaten on the verandah since this spell of good weather started The reason for this constraint is the following. Since a continuative reading in which the potential full situation may extend beyond t0 requires the sentence to be W-nonbounded this reading cannot be assigned to a sentence specifying the exact number of times a telic situation has been repeated in the pre-present because such a specification entails a bounded more specifically bounded-repetitive see reading. This explanation is also in keeping with the fact that a bounded representation of a situation is incompatible with an adverbial enforcing a continuative reading I have written three books ever since I entered university. Compare with I have written three books so far which is grammatical but cannot receive a continuative interpretation. I have come to this shop thirteen times for years. Compare with I ve come to this shop thirteen times since then which receives a noncontinuative reading. This restriction is not affected .

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