TAILIEUCHUNG - The complete guide to the toefl test part 91

For one thing, the basic way in which the TOEFL iBT tests English is different. The new test emphasizes a test-taker's ability to communicate in an academic setting. For that reason, a Speaking Section has been added and the Writing Section has been expanded | 606 Section 4 Guide to Writing 2. Replace words or phrases with synonyms. X is not allowed. X is not permitted. Permitted is a synonym for allowed. Project Y was almost completed. Project Y was nearly finished. The phrase nearly finished is synonymous with almost completed. Note It is not a good idea to use synonyms for concept words technical terms or proper nouns words that begin with capital letters such as names . Example The International Science Foundation is investigating the effects of gamma rays. In the sentence above you would not paraphrase International Science Foundation proper noun or gamma rays technical term . 3. Change the grammar. Trained scientists performed this research. This research was performed by trained scientists. The active verb performed is replaced by the passive verb was performed by. For more information on verbs see the Writing Tutorial on Grammar Point 5 pp. 720-721. Note Try to avoid replacing too many active verbs with passive verbs active verbs are preferable because they are stronger than passive verbs. Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem. There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem. A there to be. pattern is used in place of a subject verb pattern. It s easy to use A. Using A is easy. The gerund using is substituted for the infinitive to use. This A which is one of the most powerful Zs in the world has . This A one of the most powerful Zs in the world has . . An appositive noun phrase is used in place of a relative clause. Study Y which was conductedby sociologists in 2004 shows that. . Study Y conductedby sociologists in 2004 shows that. A past participle is used to reduce shorten a relative clause. For more information on participles see the Writing Tutorial on Grammar Point 6 pages 723-724. Lesson 22 Summarizing Paraphrasing Citing and Synthesizing 607 4. Reverse negatives. A is not as easy as. A is harder than . A comparative phrase harder than is used in place of a .

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