TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 24

Grammars are typically written without systematic references to the linguistic literature (unless thev are added to a quotation or are reallv unavoid- formal approaches like formal semantics or computational linguistics. | 154 2. Towards a theory of tense and time domain is directly related to t0. Together they form a set whose relations we can represent in a diagram. A temporal domain is typically established by an absolute tense locating a situation time in a particular time-zone and is expanded by relative tenses. In Meg will buy a bike that has loads of gears the future tense form will buy establishes a post-present domain. The present tense form has expands that temporal domain because it relates the situation time of the bike having loads of gears to the situation time of Meg s buying a bike. Specifically it locates the having simultaneous to the buying. That is the present tense in this sentence is used as a relative tense it does not relate the situation time to t0 but to another orientation time in this case the situation time located by the future tense main clause. A temporal domain need not be expanded it may consist just of a single situation time as in Meg bought a bike. A temporal domain is a set of orientation times which are temporally related to each other by means of tenses. Since a domain is always established by a tense form and every tense form refers to a situation time at least one of the orientation times in the set is a situation time. As we will see a domain sometimes also contains an orientation time which is not a situation time such as the unspecified orientation time to which the situation time of had got up is represented as anterior in He had got up early that morning when this sentence is used as the first sentence of a novel. An absolute tense form always establishes a domain. This means that a domain can only be expanded by relative tense forms. Thus in 1 John said he was tired because he had worked hard all day and that he would go to bed early. the reference is to a past domain. This is established by the past tense form said which is therefore an absolute tense form. The other tense forms are relative tense forms was tired represents its

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