TAILIEUCHUNG - Calculus: An Integrated Approach to Functions and their Rates of Change, Preliminary Edition Part 80

Calculus: An Integrated Approach to Functions and their Rates of Change, Preliminary Edition Part 80. A major complaint of professors teaching calculus is that students don't have the appropriate background to work through the calculus course successfully. This text is targeted directly at this underprepared audience. This is a single-variable (2-semester) calculus text that incorporates a conceptual re-introduction to key precalculus ideas throughout the exposition as appropriate. This is the ideal resource for those schools dealing with poorly prepared students or for schools introducing a slower paced, integrated precalculus/calculus course | Definite Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem 771 So j f t dt s b - s a where 5 is an antiderivative of f. net change in position position position on a b at t b at t a When we interpret the integrand as a rate function the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus becomes transparent. Because any two antiderivatives of f differ only by an additive constant and the constants will cancel in the course of subtraction it follows that s t could be any antiderivative of f. ds ib dt s t l s b s a dt a EXAMPLE If f t is the rate at which water is flowing into or out of a reservoir and we let W i be the amount of water in the reservoir at time t then dW f t . t is an antiderivative of f t . The net change in the amount of water in the reservoir over the time interval a b is given by b b dW f t dt dt W b W a . a dt Again when we interpret the integrand as a rate function the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is transparent. It is when the integrand f t is not thought of as a rate function that the Fundamental Theorem is most surprising. PROBLEMS FOR SECTION 1. a Using a computer or programmable calculator find upper and lower bounds for the area under one arc of cos x using Riemann sums. Explain how you can be sure your lower bound is indeed a lower bound and your upper bound is an upper bound. Do not use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to do so. Your upper and lower bounds should differ by no more than . b Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to show that the area under one arc of the cosine curve is exactly 2. 2. An object s velocity at time t t in seconds is given by v t 10t 3 meters per second. Find the net distance traveled from time t 1 to t 9. Do this in two ways. First look at the appropriate signed area and solve geometrically without the Fundamental Theorem. Then calculate the definite integral jf 10t 3 dt using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. 3. Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to calculate j t3 dt. 4. Evaluate 3 dt. 772 CHAPTER 24 The

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