TAILIEUCHUNG - Open channel hydraulics for engineers. Chapter 2 uniform flow

The chapter on uniform flow in open channels is basic knowledge required for all hydraulics students. In this chapter, we shall assume the flow to be uniform, unless specified otherwise. This chapter guides students how to determine the rate of discharge, the depth of flow, and the velocity. The slope of the bed and the cross-sectional area remain constant over the given length of the channel under the uniform-flow conditions. The same holds for the computation of the most economical cross section when designing the channel. The concept of permissible velocity against erosion and sedimentation is introduced. | OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter UNIFORM FLOW . Introduction . Basic equations in uniform open-channel flow . Most economical cross-section . Channel with compound cross-section . Permissible velocity against erosion and sedimentation Summary The chapter on uniform flow in open channels is basic knowledge required for all hydraulics students. In this chapter, we shall assume the flow to be uniform, unless specified otherwise. This chapter guides students how to determine the rate of discharge, the depth of flow, and the velocity. The slope of the bed and the cross-sectional area remain constant over the given length of the channel under the uniform-flow conditions. The same holds for the computation of the most economical cross section when designing the channel. The concept of permissible velocity against erosion and sedimentation is introduced. Key words Uniform flow; most economical cross-section; discharge; velocity; erosion; sedimentation . INTRODUCTION . Definition Uniform flow relates to a flow condition over a certain length or reach of a stream and can occur only during steady flow conditions. Uniform flow may be also defined as the flow occurring in a channel in which equilibrium has been reached between gravitational force and shear force. Many irrigation and drainage canals and other artificial channels are designed to carry water at uniform depth and cross section all along their lengths. Natural channels as rivers and creeks are seldom of uniform shape. The design discharge is set by considerations of acceptable risk and frequency analysis, whereas the channel slope and the cross-sectional shape are determined by topography, and soil and land conditions. Uniform equilibrium open-channel flows are characterized by a constant depth and a constant mean flow velocity: h V 0 and 0 .

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