TAILIEUCHUNG - Grammar for everyone part 14

During the 1960s and 70s, many believed that traditional elements of scholarship should be updated to suit the practices of contemporary education. There followed a period of uncertainty. | THE APOSTROPHE 81 We learn these forms from their use in spoken English but need also to be able to write them in full. Possession This use causes the greatest confusion but the rules that apply are in spite of popular belief quite straightforward. Possession expresses the idea that something belongs to someone or some other thing and omission represented by the apostrophe is actually the contraction of the word has . For example John has money. becomes John s money. and The dog has a dish. becomes The dog s a dish . This is a very economical language device. If the noun is in the plural form already ending in s then the use of a second s would be clumsy. So the apostrophe sits on its own and the second s is simply omitted. For example The dogs dishes . The boys careers . This awkwardness does not apply with plural forms that don t end with s . For example Children s teeth . 82 GRAMMAR FOR EVERYONE In spoken language to avoid ambiguity we can fall back on the longer form. For example The horse s trainer sounds the same as the horses trainer so it is clearer to say the trainer of the horses or similar. If a surname ends in s as in Jones or Fields the form s pronounced es or is is often used in speech but in writing it is proper to use the apostrophe alone as with plurals. For example The Jones Mercedes Avoiding confusion The apostrophe is traditionally used for clarity in abbreviations and other forms. For example The MSc s were awarded next. There are two s s in grass . Activities apostrophes A 1. a. Students are given contractions and they supply the full form first orally then in writing he ll we re can t won t would ve didn t I d I ll they d don t b. Students do the reverse giving the contracted form orally and in writing. 2. Students play an oral concentration game. The teacher gives a phrase and students raise both arms if the ending is apostrophe s as in the girl s mother or one arm for an apostrophe only as in Captain Sykes horse or the boys desks. .

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