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The vast majority of the customers of telecommunication networks are subscribers who are attached to their local exchanges by analog subscriber lines. The signaling between subscriber and local exchange is known as subscriber application of subscriber signaling [l-4]. The original, and still predominant, signaling is plain old telephony service (POTS) calling. However, subscriber signaling today also supports supplementary services such as call waiting, call forwarding, caller identification, etc | Signaling in Telecommunication Networks. John G. van Bosse Copyright 1998 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-57377-9 Hardback 0-471-22415-4 Electronic SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING The vast majority of the customers of telecommunication networks are subscribers who are attached to their local exchanges by analog subscriber lines. The signaling between subscriber and local exchange is known as subscriber signaling 1-4 . The original and still predominant application of subscriber signaling is plain old telephony service POTS calling. However subscriber signaling today also supports supplementary services such as call waiting call forwarding caller identification etc. BASIC SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING Signaling for an Intraexchange Call Figure shows the signaling for an intraexchange call between subscribers Sj and S2. The directory number of called subscriber S2 is 347-9654. Calling subscriber Sj starts by going off-hook lifting the handset of the telephone from its cradle . The off-hook is interpreted by the exchange as a request-for-service a call origination or the activation deactivation of a subscriber service . In response the exchange returns dial-tone indicating that it is ready to receive digits. Subscriber S1 then sends the digits of the called number using the dial or the keypad of the telephone. After receipt of 3-4-7 the exchange recognizes one of its exchange codes and thus knows that it is the destination exchange for the call. The exchange can identify the called subscriber S2 after receipt of the complete called number and checks whether S2 is free. Assuming that this is 47 48 SUBSCRIBER SIGNALING Sj O- Request-for-service Dial-tone 3 _4 __7_ __9_ __6_ __5_ 4 O S2 Time Ringing-tone Ringing Signal Answer e Conversation Clear-forward _ Q _ Clear-back 0 Cut-through of Path in Exchange O Release

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