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Packet Switched Technologies In the same way we started with the transmission infrastructure for circuit switched technologies, packet switching has a similar underlying infrastructure. At this stage, it is worth reviewing the International Standards Organisation’s Open Systems Interconnect model (ISO-OSI) that was used in Chapter 1 as a framework for the telephony signalling protocols (Figure ). In the case of packet-based networks such as the Internet, since this is the one of specific interest to us, the bottom two layers of the OSI stack are populated with technologies that differ based on their geographic boundary: local area, campus or metropolitan area. | Next Generation Network Services Neill Wilkinson Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs 0-471-48667-1 Hardback 0-470-84603-8 Electronic 5 Packet Switched Technologies INTRODUCTION In the same way we started with the transmission infrastructure for circuit switched technologies packet switching has a similar underlying infrastructure. At this stage it is worth reviewing the International Standards Organisation s Open Systems Interconnect model ISO-OSI that was used in Chapter 1 as a framework for the telephony signalling protocols Figure . In the case of packet-based networks such as the Internet since this is the one of specific interest to us the bottom two layers of the OSI stack are populated with technologies that differ based on their geographic boundary local area campus or metropolitan area and wide area. In Local Area Networks LANs the infrastructure is now predominantly Ethernet in its numerous forms of 10 Mbps 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps . Ethernet is a general term used to cover the standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE under the number . is based on the work by Xerox who coined the name Ethernet based on the term luminiferous ether through which Victorian scientists first thought electromagnetic radiation travelled. Token ring is another LAN technology originally developed by IBM and adopted by the IEEE as . The idea is to timeshare access to the network by the use of a token that a device say a PC must acquire before it can transmit data on the network. Token ring also had a significant number of installations but it is probably safe to say has largely been usurped by Ethernet. In the campus or Metropolitan Area Network MAN technologies such 54 PACKET SWITCHED TECHNOLOGIES ISO-OSI 7 Layer Model Application Layer - Transfer of application specific messages and control Presentation Layer -Transfer Syntax encoding . representation of information in an application independent way Session .

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