TAILIEUCHUNG - A review on breeding for quality protein maize

In maize, zeins are the main protein components of seed stores. It is the major determinants of nutritional imbalance when utilized as the sole food source. Zeins having four subfamilies (α, β, γ, and δ). Among these, α zeins are the major prolamin subunits in maize. Opaque-2 (o2) is a natural recessive mutation that is exploited for breeding varieties. However, it possessed some adverse pleiotropic effect so, the combination ofopaque-2 allele with its genetic modifiers composed to breed QPM genotypes that having a hard kernel with a high content of lysine and tryptophan. However, the biochemical analysis of lysine and tryptophan content is expensive as well as it is , conventional breeding alone is inefficacious for the nutritional enrichment of maize. By using RNAi, it is proved that down regulation of 22kDa α zeins than the 19kDa α component is the biochemical basis of QPM phenotype. Whereas, marker-assisted selection (MAS) provide excellent opportunities for the conversion of elite normal in breds to homozygous recessive o2forms by using opaque-2 gene-specific markers. | 2019 8 1 1413-1422 EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 01 2019 Journal homepage http Review Article https A Review on Breeding for Quality Protein Maize . Tamvar . Patel . Patel . Patel A. Dinisha and . Patil Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding COA NAU Bharuch-392012 Gujarat India Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Opaque-2 Nutritional value Quality protein maize QPM Marker Assisted Breeding MAB Article Info Accepted 10 December 2018 Available Online 10 January 2019 In maize zeins are the main protein components of seed stores. It is the major determinants of nutritional imbalance when utilized as the sole food source. Zeins having four subfamilies a p Y and S . Among these a zeins are the major prolamin subunits in maize. Opaque-2 o2 is a natural recessive mutation that is exploited for breeding varieties. However it possessed some adverse pleiotropic effect so the combination ofopaque-2 allele with its genetic modifiers composed to breed QPM genotypes that having a hard kernel with a high content of lysine and tryptophan. However the biochemical analysis of lysine and tryptophan content is expensive as well as it is conventional breeding alone is inefficacious for the nutritional enrichment of maize. By using RNAi it is proved that down regulation of 22kDa a zeins than the 19kDa a component is the biochemical basis of QPM phenotype. Whereas marker-assisted selection MAS provide excellent opportunities for the conversion of elite normal in breds to homozygous recessive o2forms by using opaque-2 gene-specific markers. Introduction Maize Zea mays L. is the third major cereal crop in the world after wheat and used for both human consumption and livestock feed. It is known as the queen of cereal crops with the highest grain yield potential. Millions of people .

• Sinh học
• Opaque 2
• Nutritional value
• Quality protein maize
• Marker assisted breeding
• Sole food source