TAILIEUCHUNG - Section14 Stress Concentration

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN TUTORIAL 4-14: STRESS CONCENTRATION | Mechanical Engineering Design Tutorial 4-14 Stress Concentration Origin of Stress Concentrations Machine members often have regions in which the state of stress is significantly greater than theoretical predictions as a result of 1. Geometric discontinuities or stress raisers such as holes notches and fillets 2. Internal microscopic irregularities non-homogeneities of the material created by such manufacturing processes as casting and molding 3. Surface irregularities such as cracks and marks created by machining operations. These stress concentrations are highly localized effects which are functions of geometry and loading. In this tutorial we will examine the standard method of accounting for stress concentrations caused by geometric features. Specifically we will discuss the application of a theoretical or geometric stress-concentration factor for determination of the true state of stress in the vicinity of stress raisers. Theoretical Geometric Stress-Concentration Factor Kt and Kts In order to predict the actual stress resulting from a geometric stress raiser a theoretical stressconcentration factor is applied to the nominal stress. For a part subjected to a normal stress the true stress in the immediate neighborhood of the geometric discontinuity is calculated as . Kta0 Text Eq. 4-48 where Kt Theoretical stress-concentration factor y0 Nominal normal stress Similarly we can also estimate the highly localized amplification of shear stress in the vicinity of a geometric stress concentration KtT T0 max ts u where Kts Theoretical stress-concentration factor for shear T0 Nominal shear stress The nominal stress of the above equations is typically derived from the elementary strength of materials equations using either a net or a gross cross section. Text refers to Mechanical Engineering Design 7th edition text by Joseph Edward Shigley Charles R. Mischke and Richard G. Budynas equations and examples with the prefix T refer to the present tutorial. Characteristics of .

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