TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Principles of microeconomics - Chapter 12: The design of the tax system

In this chapter you will get an overview of how the . government raises and spends money, examine the efficiency costs of taxes, learn alternative ways to judge the equity of a tax system, see why studying tax incidence is crucial for evaluating tax equity, consider the tradeoff between efficiency and equity in the design of a tax system. | The Design of the Tax System Chapter 12 Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt College Publishers, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. “In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes.” . . . Benjamin Franklin 0 20 40 60 80 100 1789 Taxes paid in Ben Franklin’s time accounted for 5 percent of the average American’s income. 2 “In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes.” . . . Benjamin Franklin 0 20 40 60 80 100 1789 Today Today, taxes account for up to a third of the average American’s income. 2 Government Revenue as a Percentage of GDP Central Government Tax Revenue as a Percent of GDP The Federal Government The . federal government collects about two-thirds of the taxes in our economy. The Federal Government The largest source of revenue for the federal government is the individual income tax. Tax Liability .

• Kinh tế học
• Principles of microeconomics
• Lecture Principles of microeconomics
• Tax system
• Federal government
• Marginal tax rate
• Budget surplus
• Ten principles of economics
• Scarce resources
• Scarcity implies choice
• Choice implies cost
• Thinking like an economist
• Economic models
• Circular flow diagram
• Production possibilities frontier
• The gains from trade
• Production possibilities
• Comparative advantage
• Absolute advantage
• Market forces
• Supply and demand
• Market economies
• Competitive markets
• Price elasticity of demand
• Price elasticity
• Midpoint method
• Demand curves
• Controls on prices
• Price ceiling
• Price floor
• Market outcomes
• Market failures
• Negative externalities
• Positive externalities
• Market inefficiency
• Public goods
• Common resources
• Types of goods
• Cost benefit analysis
• Costs of production
• Total revenue
• Total cost
• Opportunity costs
• Firms in competitive markets
• Average revenue
• Marginal revenue
• Sunk costs
• Monopoly resources
• Government created monopolies
• Natural monopolies
• Monopoly’s revenue
• Monopolistic competition
• Nash equilibrium
• Equilibrium for oligopoly
• Game theory
• Long run equilibrium
• Perfect competition
• Production possibility frontier
• Opportunity cost
• Rational people
• Indirect effects
• Law of demand
• Factors change demand
• Law of supply
• Market demand
• Demand intersect
• Demand determine prices
• Change in demand
• Change in supply
• Elastic demand curve
• Policy analysis with supply
• Policy analysis with demand
• Wealth creation
• Production cost
• Total surplus
• International trade
• Additional benefits of trade
• Average costs
• Break even price
• Increasing marginal costs
• Long run analysis
• Firms profit graphically
• Accounting profit
• Market effectiveness
• Monopolist pricing
• Price discrimination
• Antitrust laws
• Disruptive innovation in oligopolies
• Predatory pricing