TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Computer architecture - A quantitative approach (5th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Computer architecture - A quantitative approach" has contents: Thread-Level parallelism; warehouse scale computers to exploit request level and data level parallelism; instruction set principles. | Introduction Centralized Shared-Memory Architectures Performance of Symmetric Shared-Memory Multiprocessors Distributed Shared-Memory and Directory-Based Coherence Synchronization: The Basics Models of Memory Consistency: An Introduction Crosscutting Issues Putting It All Together: Multicore Processors and Their Performance Fallacies and Pitfalls Concluding Remarks Historical Perspectives and References Case Studies and Exercises by Amr Zaky and David A. Wood 344 351 366 378 386 392 395 400 405 409 412 412 5 Thread-Level Parallelism The turning away from the conventional organization came in the middle 1960s, when the law of diminishing returns began to take effect in the effort to increase the operational speed of a computer. . . . Electronic circuits are ultimately limited in their speed of operation by the speed of light . . . and many of the circuits were already operating in the nanosecond range. W. Jack Bouknight et al. The Illiac IV System (1972) We are dedicating all of our future product development to multicore designs. We believe this is a key inflection point for the industry. Intel President Paul Otellini, describing Intel’s future direction at the Intel Developer Forum in 2005 Computer Architecture. DOI: © 2012 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 344 ■ Chapter Five Thread-Level Parallelism Introduction As the quotations that open this chapter show, the view that advances in uniprocessor architecture were nearing an end has been held by some researchers for many years. Clearly, these views were premature; in fact, during the period of 1986–2003, uniprocessor performance growth, driven by the microprocessor, was at its highest rate since the first transistorized computers in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Nonetheless, the importance of multiprocessors was growing throughout the 1990s as designers sought a way to build servers and supercomputers .

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