TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 1: The human body: An orientation (part a)

Chapter 1 - The human body: An orientation (part a). This chapter presents the following content: Overview of anatomy and physiology, principle of complementarity, levels of structural organization, overview of organ systems, organ systems interrelationships, necessary life functions,.and other contents. | The Human Body: An Orientation: Part A Chapter 1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: The study of structure of the body Subdivisions: Gross or macroscopic (., regional, surface, and systemic anatomy) Microscopic (., cytology and histology) Developmental (., embryology) Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Essential tools for the study of anatomy: Anatomical terminology Observation Palpation Auscultation Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Physiology: The study of function of the body at many levels Subdivisions are based on organ systems (., renal, digestive, cardiovascular physiology) Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Essential tools for the study of physiology: Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular and molecular) Basic physical principles (., electrical currents, pressure, and movement) Basic chemical principles Principle of Complementarity Anatomy and physiology are inseparable. Function always reflects structure What a structure can do depends on its specific form Levels of Structural Organization Chemical: atoms and molecules (Chapter 2) Cellular: cells and their organelles (Chapter 3) Tissue: groups of similar cells (Chapter 4) Organ: contains two or more types of tissues Organ system: organs that work closely together Organismal: all organ systems Cardiovascular system Organelle Molecule Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules. Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues. Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely. Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems. Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Heart Blood vessels Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue 1 2 3 4 5 6 Figure , step 6 Overview of Organ Systems Major organs and functions of the 11 organ systems Digestive system

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