TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Organic chemistry: Chapter 18 - L. G. Wade, Jr.

Chapter 18 introduce to Ketones and Aldehydes. After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Draw and name ketones and aldehydes, and use spectral information to determine their structures; propose single-step and multistep syntheses of ketones and aldehydes from compounds containing other functional groups; predict the products and propose mechanisms for the reactions of ketones and aldehydes with oxidizing and reducing agents, amines, alcohols, and phosphorus ylides;. | Chapter 18 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Ketones and Aldehydes Chapter 18 Carbonyl Compounds Chapter 18 Carbonyl Structure Carbon is sp2 hybridized. C═O bond is shorter, stronger, and more polar than C═C bond in alkenes. Chapter 18 Ketone Nomenclature Number the chain so that carbonyl carbon has the lowest number. Replace the alkane -e with -one. 3-methyl-2-butanone 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone C H 3 C O C H C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C O C H C H 3 C H 2 O H 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Chapter 18 Ketone Nomenclature (Continued) For cyclic ketones, the carbonyl carbon is assigned the number 1. 3-bromocyclohexanone O B r 1 3 Chapter 18 C H 3 C H 2 C H C H 3 C H 2 C H O Aldehydes Nomenclature The aldehyde carbon is number 1. IUPAC: Replace -e with -al. 3-methylpentanal 1 2 3 5 Chapter 18 Carbonyl as Substituent On a molecule with a higher priority functional group, a ketone is an oxo and an aldehyde is

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• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
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